Table 1.1: Features of Infrastructure Projects.............................................................................................................. 8

Table 1.2: SDGs and Infrastructure Types and Quality.......................................................................................... 10

Table 1.3: List of OIC Countries to be Used for Case Studies................................................................................ 16

Table 2.1: Contract Types Used for Infrastructure Projects Involving Private Sector.............................. 19

Table 2.2: Issues Arising in Different Phases of Infrastructure Projects ........................................................ 22

Table 2.3: Risks Arising in Infrastructure Projects................................................................................................... 26

Table 2.4: Risk Appetite and Considerations of Different Financial Institutions ........................................ 31

Table 3.1: Principles of Islamic Finance and Features of Infrastructure Projects ...................................... 44

Table 3.2: Conventional and Islamic Finance Contracts for Infrastructure Financing ............................. 47

Table 3.3: Sukuk Types and Features ............................................................................................................................. 60

Table 3.4: Total Islamic Finance Investments in Infrastructure Sector .......................................................... 70

Table 4.1. 1: Development of Islamic Finance Sectors (in USD Billion) .......................................................... 73

Table 4.1. 2: Infrastructure Needs and Gaps Indonesia 2016-2040 ................................................................. 75

Table 4.1. 3: Projected Financing in Different Infrastructure Sectors ............................................................. 75

Table 4.1. 4: Targets of Medium Term National Development Planning (RPJNM) .................................... 77

Table 4.1. 5: Legal and Regulatory Framework for Infrastructure Investment.......................................... 78

Table 4.1. 6: Sector Specific Laws and Regulations .................................................................................................. 79

Table 4.1. 7: Islamic Banks Assets Composition and Financing of Infrastructure Sector ..................... 83

Table 4.1. 8: Issues and Policy Recommendations: Indonesia ............................................................................ 88

Table 4.2. 1: Financial Institutions Types and Oversight Authorities (2017) .............................................. 92

Table 4.2. 2: Infrastructure Needs and Gaps Malaysia 2016-2040 ................................................................... 96

Table 4.2. 3: Islamic Banks Assets Composition and Financing of Infrastructure Sector......................102

Table 4.2. 4: Issues and Policy Recommendations: Malaysia.............................................................................109

Table 4.3. 1: Performance indicators of Conventional and Islamic banks ...................................................112

Table 4.3. 2: NAV of Mutual Funds (USD million; Exchange rate: USD1 = N305.8) ................................113

Table 4.3. 3: Infrastructure Needs and Gaps Nigeria 2016-2040.....................................................................114

Table 4.3. 4: Summary of Sukuk Features Issuance in Nigeria..........................................................................120

Table 4.3. 5: Issues and Policy Recommendations: Nigeria................................................................................123

Table 4.4. 1: Infrastructure Needs and Gaps Saudi Arabia 2016-2040 .........................................................128

Table 4.4. 2: Targets of Vision 2030 in Introducing PPP Projects....................................................................130

Table 4.4. 3: Islamic Banks Assets Structural Composition and Financing of Infrastructure Sector134

Table 4.4. 4: Issues and Policy Recommendations: Saudi Arabia ....................................................................139

Table 4.5. 1: Development Expenditures for Proposed Infrastructure Programs 2014-2030 ...........143

Table 4.5. 2: PPP Projects in Infrastructure..............................................................................................................145

Table 4.5. 3: Islamic Banks Asset Structure and Financing of the Infrastructure Sector in Sudan ...149

Table 4.5. 4: Issuance of Shariah Compliant Certificates by SFSC (2016) (SDG million and %) ........153

Table 4.5. 5: Issues and Policy Recommendations: Sudan ..................................................................................154

Table 4.6. 1: Infrastructure Needs and Gaps United Kingdom 2016-2040..................................................158

Table 4.6. 2: Islamic Bank Asset Structure and Financing of the Infrastructure Sector, UK ................162

Table 4.6. 3 Issues and Policy Recommendations: United Kingdom ..............................................................163

Table 5. 1: Policy Recommendations for Infrastructure-Related Strategies and Policies.....................168

Table 5. 2: Policy Recommendations for Legal and Regulatory Regimes .....................................................172

Table 5. 3: Policy Recommendations for Government and Public Bodies....................................................174

Table 5. 4: Islamic Banks Assets and Financing of Infrastructure Sector (Q1 2018) ..............................175

Table 5. 5: Policy Recommendations for Islamic Banks .......................................................................................176

Table 5. 6: Policy Recommendations for Islamic Nonbank financial institutions.....................................177

Table 5. 7: Policy Recommendations for Capital Markets ...................................................................................179

Table 5. 8: Policy Recommendations for Islamic Social Sectors .......................................................................180

Table 5. 9: Policy Recommendations for Multilateral Development Institutions .....................................182