Figure 1: Regional and global gains in average life expectancy per decade, 1970–2015............................. 4

Figure 2: Health and poverty cycle....................................................................................................................................... 7

Figure 3: Conceptual framework for assessing access to health services ........................................................... 9

Figure 4: Proposed conceptual framework to assess to health by the poor.....................................................11

Figure 5: Global mortality rates between 1990 and 2017 .......................................................................................13

Figure 6: Global immunization rates for DPT and measles, and global life expectancy between 1990

and 2017 ........................................................................................................................................................................................14

Figure 7: Tuberculosis detection and treatment success, and share of people living with HIV in ART14

Figure 8: Proportion of maternal deaths among deaths of female reproductive age (PM %) in Islamic

Republic of Iran, (Left) and number of under-five death (in thousands) in South Africa, (Right)..........15

Figure 9: Trend in risk of premature mortality due to NCD (%) by male and female in Lebanon .........16

Figure 10: Trend in suspected malaria cases tested (%) in Malaysia .................................................................17

Figure 11: Trends in demand for health services and health outcomes: OIC vs. non-OIC comparison

over the period 1996 to 2015...............................................................................................................................................19

Figure 12: Trends of physical accessibility of health care (1996-2015)............................................................23

Figure 13: Trends of financial accessibility of health services (1996-2015). ..................................................24

Figure 14: Trends of service accessibility of health services (1996-2015) ......................................................26

Figure 15: Female (top figure) and male (bottom) life expectancy at birth for OIC member countries.

The latest available data. ........................................................................................................................................................28

Figure 16: Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) in the top and the proportion of births

attended by skilled health staff (% of total) in the bottom figure, OIC countries, latest data available30

Figure 17: Hospital beds (per 1,000 people) .................................................................................................................32

Figure 18: Physicians (per 1,000 people)........................................................................................................................33

Figure 19: Current health expenditure per capita, PPP (current USD) in top panel and Out-of-pocket

expenditure per capita (current USD) in bottom panel.............................................................................................35

Figure 20: Health expenditure per capita in current USD........................................................................................36

Figure 21: Out of pocket (OOP) expenditure per capita in current USD ............................................................38

Figure 22: Risk of catastrophic expenditure for surgical care in percent of population.............................38

Figure 23: Composite coverage index (%) by economic status in 35 OIC countries ....................................41

Figure 24: Share of births attended by skilled health personnel in the 2-3 years preceding the survey

by economic status....................................................................................................................................................................43

Figure 25: Share of children with symptoms of ARI taken to a health facility during the 5 years

preceding the survey, by wealth quintile since 2010.................................................................................................44

Figure 26: Share of women without health insurance, by wealth quintile since 2010................................45

Figure 27: Share of men without health insurance, by wealth quintile since 2010 ......................................46

Figure 28: Percentage of the population living in households with an improved source as main source

of drinking water since 2010................................................................................................................................................47

Figure 29: Percentage of the population living in households with improved, non-shared toilet facilities

since 2010 .....................................................................................................................................................................................48

Figure 30: Neonatal, infant and under-5 mortality rates across OIC by wealth quintiles ..........................49

Figure 31: Proportional Mortality in Indonesia 2016................................................................................................55

Figure 32: Responsibilities and levels in Turkey’s health care system ..............................................................62

Figure 33 Evolution of child and maternal mortality rates in Turkey between 2000 and 2017.............64

Figure 34: OOP expenditure 2002 - 2012........................................................................................................................65

Figure 35: Infant and under-5 mortality rates across wealth quintiles in 2008 and 2013........................65

Figure 36: Maternal Mortality Ratio by Provinces (per 100,000 live births) in 2017. ................................66

Figure 37: Diagrammatic structure of Uganda’s health care system...................................................................71

Figure 38: Health expenditures development in Uganda between 2000 and 2016......................................75

Figure 39: Trends of Tunisian’s demographic indicators (1980-2012).............................................................81

Figure 40: Health expenditures development in Uganda between 2000 and 2016......................................82