Figure 29 PASEC reading skills in 10 francophone countries ..........................................................75

Figure 30 The distribution of students (percentage) according to the number of

books per child ..................................................................................................................................76

Figure 31 Percentage of students speaking the language of instruction at home by

region.....................................................................................................................................................82

Figure 32 Percentage of students going to preschool..........................................................................83

Figure 33 The distribution of students according to the academic level of the

teacher ..................................................................................................................................................84

Figure 34 Gross enrolment ratios for different levels of education, 2000 - 2013,

Turkey ...................................................................................................................................................94

Figure 35 Attendance in school by household wealth status 2003 – 2013, Turkey................95

Figure 36 Education outcomes by household head’s level of education, Turkey.....................97

Figure 37 DHS 2003-2013 Difference in access rates by regions ...................................................99

Figure 38 HOI, Coverage and Equality of Opportunities for Turkey, 2003-2013.................. 101

Figure 39 Shapley decomposition for 2013, Turkey ......................................................................... 102

Figure 40 Learning achievement in mathematics, % of 4

th

grade students passing

the achievement thresholds, Turkey, 2011 ........................................................................ 104

Figure 41 Learning achievement in science, % of 4th grade students passing the

achievement thresholds.............................................................................................................. 104

Figure 42 Learning achievement in mathematics, % of 8

th

grade students passing

the basic achievement threshold (Level 1)......................................................................... 105

Figure 43 Learning achievement in science, % of 8

th

grade students passing the

basic achievement threshold (Level 1) ................................................................................ 105

Figure 44 Home resources and average score, TIMSS 2015 Mathematics............................... 106

Figure 45 MoNE budget and its share in the GDP, 2006 - 2017.................................................... 110

Figure 46 Distribution of MoNE's budget .............................................................................................. 110

Figure 47 Jordan GDP growth (annual %)............................................................................................ 121

Figure 48 Percentage of disabled children among Syrian refugee groups in Jordan........... 129

Figure 49 HOI, Coverage and Equality of Opportunities for Jordan, 1997-2012................. 131

Figure 50 Shapley decomposition using DHS 2012 ........................................................................... 132

Figure 51 Learning achievement in mathematics, passing the basic achievement

threshold (level 1) (TIMSS 1999-2011)............................................................................... 135

Figure 52 Percentage of Jordanian students at each combine math proficiency level

in PISA 2012 by gender............................................................................................................... 135

Figure 53. Per pupil expenditure by school level (% of GDP per capita).................................. 145

Figure 54 Pupil teacher ratio by school level ....................................................................................... 145

Figure 55 GDP growth rate from 1990 to 2015................................................................................... 153

Figure 56 Gross Enrolment Rates 2000-2015...................................................................................... 158

Figure 57 DHS 1990-2012 Difference in access rates by regions ................................................ 159

Figure 58 Education outcomes by household head’s level of education................................... 161

Figure 59 HOI, Coverage and Equality of Opportunities for Pakistan, 1990-2012............... 164

Figure 60 Shapley decomposition for 2012 .......................................................................................... 165

Figure 61 Learning achievements by location (urban/rural) and by grade/class ............... 167