Table 1: Farm size distribution in selected countries and various years ....................................................... 10

Table 2: Composition of food and agricultural trade for OIC member countries ...................................... 20

Table 3: Value of domestic agricultural production versus agricultural exports in case study

countries..................................................................................................................................................................... 20

Table 4: Gross production value in Mozambique (constant US$ 2004–06 millions) ................................ 25

Table 5: Mozambique’s top imports and exports by value (2005 US$ THOUSANDS) .............................. 26

Table 6: Gross production value in Nigeria (constant 2004–06 US$ millions)............................................ 35

Table 7: Nigeria’s top imports and exports by value (2005 US$ THOUSANDS) .......................................... 36

Table 8: Cost of Doing Business rankings for Uganda and selected OIC countries, 2014 ....................... 51

Table 9: Most Bangladeshi farmers have small or very small holdings .......................................................... 54

Table 10: Bangladesh’s top imports and exports by value (2005 US$ thousands) .................................... 56

Table 11: Growth in total factor productivity in agriculture, Indonesia and selected countries ......... 68

Table 12: Indonesia’s top imports and exports by value (2005 US$ millions) ............................................ 70

Table 13: Cost of Doing Business rankings for Indonesia and selected OIC countries, 2014 ................ 72

Table 14: Relative rejection rates for various types of exports to markets in the European

Union and United States, selected countries, 2010 ................................................................................. 77

Table 15: Countries in Europe, Central Asia, North Africa, and the Middle East with the most

abundant agricultural land and irrigated land resources, 2008 ....................................................... 79

Table 16: Renewable internal freshwater resources for selected countries in Europe, North

Africa, and the Middle East................................................................................................................................. 80

Table 17: Foreign direct investment in food, beverage, and tobacco industries, Turkey and

selected countries .................................................................................................................................................. 85

Table 18: Gross production value in Kyrgyz Republic (constant 2004–06 US$ millions) ...................... 93

Table 19: Kyrgyz Republic’s top imports and exports by value (2005 US$ thousands) .......................... 93

Table 20: Cost of Doing Business rankings for Jordan and selected OIC countries, 2014.....................107

Table 21: Jordan’s top imports and exports by value (US$ 2005 million) ...................................................110

Table 22: Linking farmers to markets: Access to roads in Jordan and selected OIC countries...........111

Table 23: Nominal rates of assistance to agriculture ............................................................................................116

Table 24: Impacts of poor access to finance on value chain participants.....................................................122

Table 25: Percentage share of food retail by retail format in selected OIC countries.............................126

Table 26: Public and private options for strengthening smallholder farmers’ links to markets .......129

Figure 1: OIC member countries by agricultural classification........................................................................... 11

Figure 2: As average incomes grow, Agriculture’s share of GDP declines...................................................... 13

Figure 3: Countries become more urban as populations grow ........................................................................... 13

Figure 4: Agricultural trade as a share of total merchandise trade declines with economic

growth ......................................................................................................................................................................... 14

Figure 5: Composition of diet by type of economy, 2009 ...................................................................................... 14

Figure 6: Value added per agricultural worker and GDP per capita ................................................................. 15

Figure 7: Average food supply in OIC member countries, 1980–2009 (kcal/capita/day) ..................... 18

Figure 8: Change in shares of agricultural exports (%), 1980–2010 ............................................................... 19

Figure 9: Structural change and the Mozambican economy, 1960–2012 ...................................................... 23

Figure 10: Mozambique (1999–2000) composition of non-estate farms by size ....................................... 24

Figure 11: Top sources of farm revenue in Mozambique, 1990–92 and 2010–12..................................... 25

Figure 12: Daily per capita consumption of calories in Mozambique, 1980–2009.................................... 26

Figure 13: Governance indicators for Mozambique, 2002 and 2012 ............................................................... 30

Figure 14: Structural change and the Nigerian economy, 1960–2012 ............................................................ 34

Figure 15: Daily per capita consumption of calories in Nigeria, 1980–2009................................................ 35

Figure 16: Top sources of farm revenue in Nigeria, 1990–92 and 2010–12 ................................................ 36

Figure 17: Governance indicators for Nigeria, 2002 and 2012........................................................................... 40

Figure 18: Structural change and the Ugandan economy, 1960–2012............................................................ 44

Figure 19: Uganda (1991) composition of farms by size ....................................................................................... 45