Facilitating Smallholder Farmers’ Market Access
In the OIC Member Countries
30
but to benefit from such markets, farmers must form effective producer organizations that
provide extension services to members and help coordinate marketing.
Some cashew farmers are gaining in productivity. Since the early 2000s, INCAJU has
focused on improving production by increasing replanting rates, improving access to
chemicals that prevent powdery mildew disease, and developing four new varieties. The
new varieties begin to yield in only three years and yield better than current varieties.
INCAJU supplies the first 20–30 seedlings free and offers the remainder at cost. 48 The
institute also sprays approximately 4.5 million trees (about 10 percent of the total),
provides chemicals to farmers at half of the cost, and gives sprayers to local service
providers so that farmers can engage them on a commercial basis to spray crops. Despite
these efforts, production of planting materials is insufficient to meet the need for
replanting (an estimated 9 million seedlings per year). Only a fraction of that number is
produced and distributed at subsidized prices by INCAJU.
Replanting and grafting require farmers to forgo income from cashews for 3–5 years. New
plantings are generally grown alongside other crops that provide some food and income in
the meantime, but even with rising cashew prices and greater availability of higher-
yielding varieties, it is difficult to convince farmers to replant.49
Cross–cutting issues impacting smallholders’ access to markets
GOVERNANCE AND INSTITUTIONS
shows changes in five key governance indicators for Mozambique between 2002
and 2012. These Worldwide Governance Indicators are based on data reflecting local
perceptions of various aspects of governance, gathered through surveys and other
assessments by survey
institutes, think tanks, NGOs,
international organizations, and
private firms.
The voice and accountability
indictor is meant to capture
perceptions about whether a
country’s citizens can
participate freely in public
discourse and participate in
choosing their government. The
rule of law indicator reflects
perceptions of whether society’s
rules are applied equally and
whether property rights and
48 Aksoy and Yagci (2012).
49 Aksoy and Yagci (2012).
FIGURE 13: GOVERNANCE INDICATORS FOR
MOZAMBIQUE, 2002 AND 2012
Source: Worldwide Governance Indicators (World Bank 2014i).