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6.2.2 Standards .............................................................................................................................................. 118 6.2.3 Infrastructure and logistics ............................................................................................................. 119 6.2.4 Governance and value chain actors .............................................................................................. 120 6.2.5 Trade ....................................................................................................................................................... 120 7. References ..................................................................................................................................................................... 123List of Figures
Figure 1-1 A simple value chain .................................................................................................................................................................. 12 Figure 1-2 Value chain: actors, supporters and context.................................................................................................................. 13 Figure 2-1 Livestock consumption in developed and developing countries......................................................................... 22 Figure 2-2 Market shares of selected sustainability standard-compliant agricultural products................................ 24 Figure 2-3 Increase of GM crop production worldwide, 2004-2014 ........................................................................................ 26 Figure 2-4 Mobile-phone subscriptions in developing countries............................................................................................... 27 Figure 2-5 Mobile-broadband subscriptions, 2007-2014 .............................................................................................................. 27 Figure 3-1 Percentage of rural population in OIC Member Countries, 2013 ........................................................................ 35 Figure 3-2 Agricultural importance of the OIC, 2013 ....................................................................................................................... 36 Figure 3-3 GDP composition in the OIC, 2013...................................................................................................................................... 37 Figure 3-4 GDP per capita versus share of agriculture GDP in the OIC, 2013....................................................................... 38 Figure 3-5 Top 4 OIC countries in agricultural GDP, 2013............................................................................................................. 38 Figure 3-6 Contribution of agriculture to employment in the OIC, 2010-2012................................................................... 39 Figure 3-7 Percentage of total agricultural holdings in OIC Member Countries, 2011 .................................................... 40 Figure 3-8 Top Five produced crops in the OIC, 2013...................................................................................................................... 40 Figure 3-9 Top Six livestock and agriculture produce in value in the OIC, 2004-2006 ................................................... 41 Figure 3-10 Top importers of meat and live animals in the OIC, 2013 .................................................................................... 43 Figure 3-11 Top exporters of meat and live animals to OIC member countries, 2013 .................................................... 44 Figure 3-12 Share of OIC agricultural trade, 2013............................................................................................................................. 46 Figure 3-13 Trade in OIC Countries, 2013 ............................................................................................................................................. 46 Figure 4-1 Access to electricity in OIC Member Countries, 2010................................................................................................ 60 Figure 4-2 Mobile phone subscriptions in OIC Member Countries............................................................................................ 60 Figure 4-3 The ease of doing business in OIC Member Countries, 2015................................................................................. 61 Figure 4-4 Indicators for ease of agricultural investments, 2015 .............................................................................................. 62 Figure 4-5 Average tariff rates for agricultural products ............................................................................................................... 63 Figure 5-1 Top five date producing countries, average 1993-2013.......................................................................................... 67 Figure 5-2 Date production in Saudi Arabia, 1993-2013................................................................................................................ 67 Figure 5-3 Date value chain in Saudi Arabia ......................................................................................................................................... 71 Figure 5-4 Date exports from Saudi Arabia, 2007-2013................................................................................................................. 71 Figure 5-5 Fresh milk production in Egypt, 1993-2013.................................................................................................................. 74 Figure 5-6 Milk value chain in Egypt ........................................................................................................................................................ 78 Figure 5-7 Egyptian exports and imports of milk and cream, 2005-2011 ............................................................................. 80 Figure 5-8 Egyptian exports and imports of cheese and curd, 2005-2011............................................................................ 80 Figure 5-9 Red meat production in Turkey, 1993-2013 ................................................................................................................. 82 Figure 5-10 Major commodities in the Gambia, average 1993-2013 ....................................................................................... 89 Figure 5-11 Groundnut production in the Gambia, 1993-2013 .................................................................................................. 90 Figure 5-12 Groundnut value chain in the Gambia............................................................................................................................ 93 Figure 5-13 Exports of (shelled) groundnuts from the Gambia, 1992-2012 ........................................................................ 94 Figure 5-14 Exports of groundnut oil from the Gambia, 1992-2012 ........................................................................................ 94 Figure 5-15 Palm oil production in Malaysia, 1993-2013.............................................................................................................. 97 Figure 5-16 Distribution of oil palm on total planted area by category of growers, 2014...........................................101 Figure 5-17 Palm oil exports from Malaysia, 1992-2014 .............................................................................................................102 Figure 5-18 Cotton production in Pakistan, 1993-2013 ...............................................................................................................104 Figure 5-19 Cotton value chain in Pakistan.........................................................................................................................................109 Figure 5-20 Cotton exports and imports of Pakistan, 1994-2014............................................................................................111