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5.1.2 Standards .................................................................................................................................................69 5.1.3 Infrastructure and logistics ................................................................................................................70 5.1.4 Governance and value chain actors .................................................................................................70 5.1.5 Trade ..........................................................................................................................................................71 5.1.6 Conclusions and lessons learned .....................................................................................................72 5.2 The milk value chain in Egypt....................................................................................................................... 74 5.2.1 Institutional framework and public policy ...................................................................................75 5.2.2 Standards .................................................................................................................................................76 5.2.3 Infrastructure and logistics ................................................................................................................77 5.2.4 Governance and value chain actors .................................................................................................78 5.2.5 Trade ..........................................................................................................................................................79 5.2.6 Conclusions and lessons learned .....................................................................................................81 5.3 The red meat value chain in Turkey .......................................................................................................... 82 5.3.1 Institutional framework and public policy ...................................................................................83 5.3.2 Standards .................................................................................................................................................84 5.3.3 Infrastructure and logistics ................................................................................................................86 5.3.4 Governance and value chain actors .................................................................................................86 5.3.5 Trade ..........................................................................................................................................................87 5.3.6 Conclusions and lessons learned .....................................................................................................88 5.4 The groundnut value chain in the Gambia .............................................................................................. 89 5.4.1 Institutional environment and public policy ...............................................................................90 5.4.2 Standards .................................................................................................................................................91 5.4.3 Infrastructure and logistics ................................................................................................................92 5.4.4 Governance and value chain actors .................................................................................................92 5.4.5 Trade ..........................................................................................................................................................94 5.4.6 Conclusions and lessons learned .....................................................................................................95 5.5 The palm oil value chain in Malaysia......................................................................................................... 97 5.5.1 Institutional framework and public policy ...................................................................................98 5.5.2 Standards .................................................................................................................................................99 5.5.3 Infrastructure and logistics ............................................................................................................. 100 5.5.4 Governance and value chain actors .............................................................................................. 100 5.5.5 Trade ....................................................................................................................................................... 102 5.5.6 Conclusions and lessons learned .................................................................................................. 103 5.6 The cotton value chain in Pakistan.......................................................................................................... 104 5.6.1 Institutional framework and public policy ................................................................................ 105 5.6.2 Standards .............................................................................................................................................. 106 5.6.3 Infrastructure and logistics ............................................................................................................. 108 5.6.4 Governance and value chain actors .............................................................................................. 108 5.6.5 Trade ....................................................................................................................................................... 110 5.6.6 Conclusions and lessons learned .................................................................................................. 111 6. Findings and recommendations .......................................................................................................................... 113 6.1 Findings ............................................................................................................................................................... 113 6.1.1 Institutional framework and public policies ............................................................................. 113 6.1.2 Standards .............................................................................................................................................. 114 6.1.3 Infrastructure and logistics ............................................................................................................. 115 6.1.4 Governance and value chain actors .............................................................................................. 115 6.1.5 Trade ....................................................................................................................................................... 116 6.2 Recommendations .......................................................................................................................................... 117 6.2.1 Institutional framework and public policies ............................................................................. 117