1.5. Assessment Techniques of Measuring the Performance of Vocational Education ..............20 1.6. Critical Success Factors and Associate Key Challenges in Improving the Performance of Vocational Education Systems and Practices. .......................................................................................24 1.6.1. Challenges Facing TVET Systems........................................................................................................................................................................24 1.6.2. Key Factors towards Overcoming TVET Challenges..........................................................................................................................26 1.6.3. Setting TVET at the Core of Education...........................................................................................................................................................26 1.6.4. Funding in TVET Sector...............................................................................................................................................................................................26 1.6.5. Teacher Opportunities.................................................................................................................................................................................................26 1.6.6. Collaboration of Institutions and Industry.................................................................................................................................................27 1.7. Effect on Socio-economic Progress in any Country by Offering Short and Long Term Vocational Education ......................................................................................................................................27 1.8. Critical Factors for Bridging the Gap between Vocational Education and Labor Market .29 1.8.1. Introduction...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................29 1.8.2. Skill Gap in Africa ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................31 1.8.3. Skill gap in Asia ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................32 1.8.4. Skill gap in Arab Region ..............................................................................................................................................................................................35 1.9. Reasons of failing to improve skills development through VET .................................................36 CHAPTER 2: METHODOLOGY .............................................................................................................................41 Research contexts............................................................................................................................................................................................................................41 Research sample...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................41 CHAPTER 3: TVET SECTORS OF BANGLADESH ...........................................................................................47 3.1. National Technical and Vocational Qualifications Framework (NTVQF): ...............................48 3.2 Empirical Analysis ..........................................................................................................................................51 3.2.1. Results ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................51 3.2.2. Findings from Quantitative Data.........................................................................................................................................................................51 3.2.3. Findings from qualitative data..............................................................................................................................................................................69 3.2.4. Findings from document analysis ......................................................................................................................................................................76 3.3. Conclusions ......................................................................................................................................................82 CHAPTER 4: TVET SECTORS OF PALESTINE .................................................................................................83 4.1. TVET Systems and Qualification Framework .....................................................................................83 4.2. Empirical Analysis: Case of Palestine .....................................................................................................86 4.2.1. Design of Research...........................................................................................................................................................................................................86 4.2.2. Findings from qualitative data...........................................................................................................................................................................103 CHAPTER 5: TVET SECTORS OF UGANDA...................................................................................................110 5.1. Uganda Vocational Qualification Framework (UVQF) .................................................................111 5.2. Empirical Analysis ......................................................................................................................................114 5.3. Findings from qualitative data ..............................................................................................................133