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42

Figure 2.24: Wealth Gradient of Learning Levels in Urban OIC vs Rural OECD and Non-OECD,

TIMSS 2011

Source:

Author’s calculation. Wealth quintiles are country specific.

Figures 2.21-2.23

together highlight enormous disparities in learning opportunities within the

OIC. At the same time, country-wise analysis reveals some powerful patterns.

Figure 2.24

presents data on the proportion of children crossing specific achievement threshold across the

full-range of wealth quintiles in OIC countries in TIMSS 2011. For comparison, non-OIC countries

are highlighted though without country labels. The wealth gap in OIC countries is quite large. In

Morocco, around 30% children from the poorest quintile pass the level-1 threshold in science

compared to over 60% children from the wealthiest quintile. At the same time, within OIC

disparity in performance of children from a given wealth group is also very large. In terms of

basic proficiency inmath, Kazakh children from the poorest wealth quintile outperform children

from the wealthiest group in Jordan and Qatar. The proportion of children in the bottom wealth

group in Kazakhstan achieving basic proficiency in math and science is also twice that of

Malaysia. However, in the case of advanced knowledge in math, children underperform across

all wealth groups, both in Kazakhstan and Qatar. Similarly, children from the wealthiest group

in Kazakhstan outperform those from Qatar in basic reading proficiency though the gap

disappears in case of advanced reading skills. Only children from Turkey demonstrate a

systematic wealth advantage in case of advanced reading skills in PISA 2012. The contrasting

gap between wealth groups in a country and children of member states within the same wealth

group suggests that school quality is a bigger concern than poverty in influencing student

achievement in basic science and math proficiency in OIC countries.

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% of children passing level-3 maths threshold

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wealth quintiles

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% of children passing level-3 science threshold

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wealth quintiles

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NON-OECD