Sustainable Destination Management
Strategies in the OIC Member Countries
33
Examples of nature-based corridors include the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park in Africa
and theWadden Sea in Europe. The Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park, the largest conservation
area in Africa, consisting of Limpopo National Park of Mozambique, Kruger National Park of
South Africa, and Gonarezhou National Park of Zimbabwe, offering a variety of trails including
walking and wilderness trails as well as self-drive trails across Mozambique, South Africa, and
Zimbabwe. 53
The Wadden Sea, a World Heritage Property visited by 10 million tourists annually, has the
largest continuous system of intertidal sand and mudflats around the globe. The Netherlands,
Germany, and Denmark are cooperating to ensure the protection of the Wadden Sea as well as
its promotion as a tourism destination. 54 It is worth noting that many MDTCs possess a
combination of natural and cultural attractions.
Table 14: Overview of Types of Global MDTCs
Global MDTC Types
Theme Cultural Natural
Camino de Santiago Wadden Sea
Phoenicians’ Route Great Limpopo Trans-frontier
Park
Design Linear Network
Camino de Santiago Transromanica network
Phoenicians’ Route Architecture of Totalitarian
Regimes
Historical Origin Historical Current
Camino de Santiago Transromanica Network
Phoenicians’ Route Architecture of Totalitarian
Regimes
Territorial
Coverage
Transnational Intercontinental
Transromanica Network Phoenicians’ Route
Architecture of Totalitarian
Regimes
Routes of the Olive Tree
Development Formal Informal
Camino de Santiago Cape to Cairo
Great Limpopo Trans-frontier
Park
The Great Divide Mountain Bike
Route
While both the Transromanica network corridor and the Camino De Santiago are culture-based
corridors, they differ in design. On the one hand, the Camino De Santiago is an example of a
linear corridor, having several start points but a single end point, namely the Cathedral of
Santiago de Compostela, Spain. On the other hand, the Transromanica network corridor, which
connects eight European countries using a common theme, namely their Romanesque
architectural heritage, has no specific start or end point.55
The Architecture of Totalitarian Regimes in Europe’s Urban Memory (ATRIUM) provides
another example of a network MDTC; it includes eighteen destinations from southeast
European countries, which were led by totalitarian regimes during the twentieth century.
While both the Transromanica network and Architecture of Totalitarian Regimes in Europe’s
53 Hawkins, D., et al. 2015. Multi-Country Destination Development: An Opportunity to Stimulate Tourism in the Americas.
International UNWTO Seminar on Multi Destination Opportunities for Regional Integration.
54 UNWTO (UNWTO) and European Travel Commission. 2017. Handbook on Marketing Transnational Tourism Themes and
Routes.
55 UNWTO (2015), Affiliate Members Global Reports, Volume twelve – Cultural Routes and Itineraries, UNWTO, Madrid.