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Table of Contents
Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................................................ 1 Introduction and Methodology................................................................................................................................... 8 1. Features of Potential Tourism Destinations ................................................................................................. 10 1.1. The Potential of Tourism Destinations ................................................................................................................... 10 1.2. The Impact of Tourism................................................................................................................................................... 12 1.3. Adding Value for Tourists and Host Communities............................................................................................. 15 2. Destination Development Institutional Strategies..................................................................................... 18 2.1. DMO Characteristics and Structure .......................................................................................................................... 18 2.2. Tourism Industry Stakeholders ................................................................................................................................. 22 2.3. The Role of DMOs ............................................................................................................................................................. 26 2.4. Funding Models and Sources for DMOs .................................................................................................................. 31 2.5. Legislative Frameworks and Accountability of DMOs...................................................................................... 35 2.6. DMO Success and Effectiveness.................................................................................................................................. 37 3. Destination Development Product Development Strategies .................................................................. 41 3.1 Step 1 - Identifying Core Tourism Resources....................................................................................................... 43 3.2. Step 2 –Assess and Develop Infrastructure........................................................................................................... 45 3.3. Step 3 –Assess and Develop Supporting Infrastructure Across the Value Chain.................................. 47 3.4. Step 4 – Engaging with the Community.................................................................................................................. 53 3.5. Step 5 - Activating Destination Product Development Strategies ............................................................... 57 4. Case Studies............................................................................................................................................................... 60 4.1 Field Case Studies............................................................................................................................................................. 60 4.1.1 Azerbaijan ............................................................................................................................................................. 60 4.1.2 Spain........................................................................................................................................................................ 67 4.1.3 The United Arab Emirates.............................................................................................................................. 73 4.1.4 Turkey..................................................................................................................................................................... 84 4.2 Desk Case Studies............................................................................................................................................................. 98 4.2.1 Australia................................................................................................................................................................. 98 4.2.2 Italy ........................................................................................................................................................................105 4.2.3 Nigeria ..................................................................................................................................................................110 4.2.3 The United States of America......................................................................................................................119