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Destination Development and

Institutionalization Strategies

In the OIC Member Countries

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enhanced through a strong supporting ecosystem as shown in Figure 3. How to identify the key resources

and the process for developing a destination in a sustainable manner is discussed further in Section 3 of

this report.

Figure 3: Tourism Resources

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Source: Based on the destination competitiveness/sustainability model by Richie and Crouch

1.2. The Impact of Tourism

The economic impact of tourism is predominantly positive for host communities; however, its socio-

cultural and environmental impacts can be primarily characterized as mixed. The positive economic

impacts of tourism can be witnessed in its contribution to gross domestic product and employment in host

communities. Tourism direct contribution to the global economy in 2016 reached $2.3 trillion (3.1%

growth rate as compared to only 2.5% for the global economy), while its indirect contribution reached

$7.6 trillion. In terms of Jobs in the industry, tourism jobs reached 109 million jobs (1.8% growth rate) in

2016, while the industry supported 292 million jobs. Tourism accounted for 10.2% of global GDP and 1 in

every 10 jobs around the world. Tourismexports reached $1.4 trillion in 2016 (6.6%of total world exports,

30% of total world services exports in 2016). By 2027, the tourism industry is expected to outperform

major economic sectors including financial and business services, communications, manufacturing, retail,

and distribution. The tourism industry is forecasted to reach 11.4% of GDP (average growth rate of 3.9%

per year), to support more than 380 million jobs (1 in every 9 jobs around the world), and for its exports

to account for 7.1% of total global exports by 2027.

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As for negative economic impact of tourism, it is more noticeable in the case of less-developed countries,

which mainly import products to satisfy tourists leading to import leakage. The import leakage is

compounded by the fact that local companies do not possess the ability to operate in the less-developed

countries, thus, tourism services are mainly provided by multinationals which repatriate their profits

leading to an export leakage. Furthermore, the adoption of “all-inclusive” tourism packages create a form

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Developed based on information from the model of destination competitiveness/sustainability developed by Richie and Crouch.

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Travel & Tourism Economic Impact 2017

(Rep.). (2017). London, UK: World Travel & Tourism Council. Retrieved from

https://www.wttc.org/-/media/files/reports/economic-impact-research/countries-2017/unitedarabemirates2017.pdf .

Tourism Resources

Natural Resources

Activities

Tourism Supra-structure

Accessibility

Infrastructure

Facilitating Resources/Services

Community Support

Linkages

Supporting Environment

Resources

Tourism

Impact

Lifecycle

Cultural Resources

Supporting Resources

Core Resources