36
COMCEC Agriculture Outlook 2019
15,941 Int. Dollars in 2018. Nonetheless, 75 percent growth in the GDP per capita of the OIC
member countries in the period 1990-2018was higher than theWorld’s average of 68percent.
At the sub-regional level, average GDP per capita of Arab Groupwas the highest with27,967 Int.
Dollars in 2018. It was followed by Asian Group and African Group with 15,609 and 3,044 Int.
Dollars, respectively (figure 34).
Figure 34 GDP Per Capita in the OIC Sub-Regions
Source: Annex 39
3.3 Utilization
According to FAOdefinition, utilization refers to the act of food usage and consumption through
adequate diet, cleanwater, sanitation and health care to reach a state of nutritional well -being
where all physiological needs of individuals are met.16 Therefore, the significance of non-food
inputs is mainly emphasizedwith respect to utilization aspects of food security. Hence, general
hygiene and sanitation, water quality, health care practices and food safety and quality are
considered as fundamental determinants of food utilization.
In the FAO study of food security indicators, the utilization dimension of food security is
measured by various indicators such as access to improved water sources, access to improved
sanitation facilities, percentage of children under 5 years of age who are stunted, percentage of
children under 5 years of age who are underweight, percentage of adultswho are underweight,
prevalence of anemia among pregnant women, prevalence of anemia among children under 5
years of age, prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in the population, prevalence of iodine
deficiency. For the scope of this study, access to improvedwater sources is chosen to represent
utilization aspects of food security in the OIC member countries.
16 FAO, 2006
2,583 2,657 2,988 3,044
21,892
28,021
26,084
27,967
10,768
12,144
15,133 15,609
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
1995 2005 2015 2018
Dollars
African Group Arab Group Asian Group