COMCEC Agriculture Outlook 2018
40
Figure 34. GDP Per Capita in the OIC Sub-Regions
Source: Annex 39
3.3. Utilization
According to FAO definition, utilization refers to the act of food usage and consumption through
adequate diet, clean water, sanitation and health care to reach a state of nutritional well-being
where all physiological needs of individuals are met.16 Therefore, the significance of non-food
inputs is mainly emphasized with respect to utilization aspects of food security. Hence, general
hygiene and sanitation, water quality, health care practices and food safety and quality are
considered as fundamental determinants of food utilization.
In the FAO study of food security indicators, the utilization dimension of food security is
measured by various indicators such as access to improved water sources, access to improved
sanitation facilities, percentage of children under 5 years of age who are stunted, percentage of
children under 5 years of age who are underweight, percentage of adults who are underweight,
prevalence of anemia among pregnant women, prevalence of anemia among children under 5
years of age, prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in the population, prevalence of iodine
deficiency. For the scope of this study, access to improved water sources is chosen to represent
utilization aspects of food security in the OIC member countries.
16 FAO, 2006
2.261 2.152
3.512
8.955
11.161
14.928
5.346
6.083
10.248
0
2.000
4.000
6.000
8.000
10.000
12.000
14.000
16.000
1990 2000 2016 1990 2000 2016 1990 2000 2016
African Group Arab Group Asian Group
Dollar