Urban Transport in the OIC Megacities
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sector. Jakarta as the centre of the biggest agglomeration area in Indonesia and Asia is one of the
strengths of Jakarta as it can attract many investments. However, it also creates a threat of high in-
migration from other cities that can cause uncontrolled urban sprawl. Finally, as is experienced by
other megacities, Jakarta is vulnerable for the climate change risks which are not only caused by its
geographical conditions but also its unsustainable transportation sector. Implementing sustainable
transportation technologies, for example electric vehicles, is hindered not only by weak technology
and innovation but also the electricity shortage in the whole country.
Based on the above SWOT-analysis, critical success factors for Jakarta urban transport system can be
determined as follows:
1. Establishment of Jabodetabek Transportation Authority (JTA)
The Central Government should speed up the establishment of JTA to create an effective and
efficient coordination between different governmental levels, private sectors and other
institutions that play a role in the Jabodetabek transport developments.
2. Increasing capacity building
Transport planning is a complicated discipline as it involves various skill areas and stakeholders
that should be taken into account in a simultaneous way. While there may be enough highway or
construction engineers, other professional staff (such as traffic engineers, transport planners,
economists, and public transport regulators) tends to be in short supply and frequently lack
necessary skills. Technical support tools such as local design standards and guidelines, good
practice manuals, and more sophisticated knowledge management systems also tend to be
underdeveloped.
3. Strengthening and improving TransJakarta
In all planning documents, one can see how important TransJakarta is, not only for Jakarta but
also for Jabodetabek. Despite some shortages, TransJakarta as the first nation’s high quality
public transport mode has shown its success in reforming public transport in Jakarta. Therefore,
a commitment from the government and various institutions is needed to improve TransJakarta
to a higher level to follow the cities with state of the art of BRT such as Guangzhou. Furthermore,
improving other road-based public transport and integrating it with TransJakarta is also very
important.
4. Strengthening parking regulation
There are very few areas in urban transportation that can create many benefits for the quality of
live and change of mode choice as a strong parking policy. Introducing paid parking, increasing
parking fees and reducing or limiting parking spaces, will “push” motorists to switch to more
sustainable transport modes. At the same time, the revenues can be used to promote and develop
the alternative modes such as public transport and non-motorized transport.
4.2. Cairo
4.2.1. Urban background
Egypt is a pivotal country in the Middle East, the Arab World, Africa and the Islamic World. It is the
most populous country in the MENA region, with a diversified economy serving a young population
and a growing middle class. In recent years Egypt has had to deal with formidable challenges: a global
financial crisis in 2008 and two uprisings in 2011 and 2013. In early 2015, and after a stormy four
years of political convulsions and upheavals, Egypt appears to be navigating more stable political
waters. A new constitution was drafted and ratified with overwhelming majority in January 2014, and
a new president - former head of the Armed Forces, Abdel Fattah El-Sisi - was sworn in, in June 2014,
having won the presidential elections in May 2014. Egypt enjoys an unrivalled central geographic
location, affording easy access to the 300+ million strong MENA markets and the 1+ billion-strong