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the government should also find solutions to provide affordable housing to meet the housing
needs and eventually reduce the travel needs and promote NMT modes.
4.1.17. SWOT analysis
Based on the analysis of current situations, planning documents, field observations and interviewwith
the stakeholders described above, the following SWOT analysis for Jakarta can be summarized.
Table 6: SWOT Jakarta
Strengths
 Political and economic capital
 Large population
 Centre of agglomeration area
 Government’s willingness to invest in the
transport sector
Weaknesses
 Pertinent traffic jams
 Poor public transport system, especially to
connect the peripheral areas and the centre
of Jakarta.
 Large area, large population and rapid
growth are difficult to manage
 High motorization
 Low recognition of NMT policy
 Shortage of electricity
 Poor regulations, weak law enforcement,
and lack of capacity
 Low urban poor inclusion
 Absence of single transport authority for the
metropolitan area
Opportunities
 Large population
 Robust economy
 Accommodates lots of economic
headquarters
 Attractive for investment
 Many on-going transportation projects
Threats
 Insufficient transport infrastructure
 Weak technology and innovation
 Risk of climate change
Despite being a weakness as it is difficult to manage, the large population of Jakarta is also considered
to be a strength and an opportunity. In terms of transport provision for instance, large population can
be directed to create high-density areas and TOD, which in turn can create cost efficient transport
provision. Large population also creates high levels of demand to support the operations of mass
transit system. This is also supported by the willingness of the national the Jakarta provincial
government to invest in the transport sector. This willingness is shown by the government’s efforts to
create a conducive environment for private investments. This can be seen in the many transportation
projects that are currently taking place in Jakarta. However these still cannot cope up with the rapid
motorization increase and high demand of public transport. Pertinent traffic jams are therefore
unavoidable. High motorization in Jakarta is not only caused by the insufficient capacity of transport
infrastructure and facilities, but also the fuel subsidy policy and the weak parking regulation that
encourage the use of private motorized vehicles.
Weak law enforcement and lack of institutional capacity are the main weaknesses that need to
overcome. The non-existence of a transport authority for the JakartaMetropolitan Area is one example
of low institutional capacity. The absence of such institution creates no clarity of the responsibilities
and role between Jakarta and the surrounding cities and regencies which in turn creating un-
integrated transport policies for the metropolitan area.
Jakarta is also facing several threats that can influence the sustainability of its urban transport. To
begin with, fuel price is heavily subsidised by the national government. Increase in the global oil price
means extra financial burden that can lower the capacity of the government to invest in the transport