iv
List of Tables
Table 1: Origin of risks for different customs objectives ............................................................................... 9
Table 2: Evaluation of the Information on the Strategic, Tactical and Operational levels ............10
Table 3: Modes of Transport and CRM Elements ............................................................................................13
Table 4: Agreements Standards Recommendations ......................................................................................28
Table 5: Key aspects of Collaborative Border Management.......................................................................33
Table 6: Volume of means of transport in Kosovo 2016..............................................................................48
Table 7: Kosovo CRM previous and current approach .................................................................................51
Table 8: LE IT System modules ...............................................................................................................................54
Table 9: LE IT System Statistics ..............................................................................................................................54
Table 10: NZCS Learning Room Training statistics........................................................................................58
Table 11: NZCS CRM previous and current approach...................................................................................63
Table 12: NZCS statistical figures in 2017..........................................................................................................63
Table 13: Australia Customs volume of import and export entries ........................................................64
Table 14: Australian Customs CRM previous and current approach .....................................................66
Table 15: OIC MS International Agreements membership .........................................................................80
Table 16: OIC MS AEO status and simplification measures ........................................................................81
Table 17: Level of Implementation of CRM and the Coverage of the CRM processes .....................86
Table 18: Coverage of the CRM Cycle in OIC MS ..............................................................................................86
Table 19: Organizational Structure for CRM .....................................................................................................97
Table 20: Staff members assigned to the CRM function...............................................................................98
Table 21: OIC MS Targeting and Selectivity by channel ...............................................................................98
Table 22: OIC MS CAs average selectivity rate for 2014-2016...............................................................100
Table 23: Reduction of the physically inspect consignments .................................................................100
Table 24: Post-clearance control unit ...............................................................................................................100
Table 25: Monitoring and review of risk profiles.........................................................................................101
Table 26: OIC MS access to the WCOs Central Enforcement Network (CEN) ..................................101
Table 27: Use of nCEN application to collect and store law-enforcement data ..............................102
Table 28: Use of pre-arrival/pre-departure information for risk assessment................................102
Table 29: Adequate tools and equipment for the inspection and examination ..............................102
Table 30: Availability of non-intrusive inspection (NII) equipment....................................................103
Table 31: TCA CRM previous and current approach ..................................................................................112
Table 32: SCS Customs Declaration grouped by mode of transport ....................................................115
Table 33: SCS Customs Declaration grouped by nature of transaction ..............................................117
Table 34: SCC CRM previous and current approach ...................................................................................122
Table 35: ACA CRM previous and current approach ..................................................................................130
Table 36: Albania Trading Across Border Indicator ...................................................................................130
Table 37: performances of the non OIC and OIC MS ...................................................................................135
Table 38: OIC Member States’ CRM Challenges ............................................................................................137