Increasing the Resilience of the Food Systems
In Islamic States in Face of Future Food Crises
17
assessment of food security in the case studies, analysis, and recommendations, are presented in
the following table.
Table 3: Global Food Security Index - Components & Indicators39
AFFORDABILITY AVAILABILITY QUALITY AND SAFETY NATURAL RESOURCES &
RESILIENCE
Food consumption
as a shareof
household
expenditure
Agricultural
infrastructure
(Existence of adequate
crop storage facilities,
Road & port
infrastructure)
Nutritional standards
(National dietary
guidelines& nutrition plan
or strategy, Nutrition
monitoring &
surveillance)
Exposure (Temperature
rise, Drought, Flooding,
Storm severity, Sea level
rise, Commitment to
managing exposure)
Gross domestic
product per capita
(USD PPP)
Public expenditure on
agricultural R&D
Diet diversification Land (Soil erosion/organic
matter, Grassland, Forest
change)
Proportionof
population under
global poverty line
Sufficiency of supply
(Average food supply,
Dependency on chronic
food aid)
Micronutrient availability
(Dietary availability of
vitamin A & of animal iron
& of vegetal iron)
Oceans (Eutrophication &
hypoxia, Marine
biodiversity & protected
areas)
Agricultural import
tariffs
Volatility of
agricultural production
Protein Quality Water (Agricultural water
risk - quantity, Agricultural
water risk - quality)
Presence of food
safety net
programs
Political stability risk Food safety (Agency to
ensure safety and health
of food, % of population
with access to potable
water, Presence of formal
grocery sector)
Sensitivity (Food import
dependency, Dependence
on natural capital, Disaster
risk management)
Access to financing
for farmers
Lack of transparency in
public sector or
bureaucracy
Adaptive capacity (Early
warning measures/climate
smart agriculture, National
agricultural risk
management system)
Urban absorption
capacity
Demographic stresses
(Population growth and
Urbanization (2016-21))
Food loss
Source: The Global Food Security Index
B) FoodInsecurity Drivers
The second component of the food stability assessment surveys the economic, political, social and
environmental drivers of food insecurity. A number of economic drivers, including food price
volatility, protectionism, and scarce resources, contributed to food insecurity in the past decade.
Food price volatility, from cropfailures,conflict, andcurrency depreciation (in the caseof countries
heavily dependent on food imports) poses a serious threat to food security. Protectionist policies,
such as export bans andtariffs, canprove detrimental to food-import dependent countries in terms
of both availability and access to food. Scarce resources are also a driver of food insecurity, with
land necessary for agriculture being used for other purposes, such as the productionof animal feed
and fuel. Shortage ofwaterand rainfall have also limitedagriculturalproductioninmanycountries.
Overfishing has led to the decline of marine fisheries, with aquaculture used to sustain increasing
demand for seafood. Political conflict can have a negative impact on production, since they
39 The Economist Intelligence Unit. (2018). Global Food Security Index. Retrieved