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Increasing the Resilience of the Food Systems

In Islamic States in Face of Future Food Crises

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Figure 6: Assessing Food Security

Source: DinarStandard Analysis

Various indicators have been proposed by academics and development agencies to measure the

four food security pillars.For measurementof availability,these indicators includeaverage protein

supply, averagevalue of food production, and share of dietary energy supply derivedfrom cereals,

roots and tubers. For access, the indicators include road and rail line density, gross domestic

product (in purchasing power parity), domestic food price index, share of food expenditure of the

poor, and prevalenceof undernourishmentand food inadequacy. Forutilization, indicators include

access to improvedwater sources and sanitation facilities;percentage of childrenunderfive years

of age affected bywasting, stunting, anemia or being underweight; prevalence of vitamin A or iodine

deficiency in the population; and percentage of pregnant women affected by anemia. For stability,

the indicators include cereal import dependency ratio; value of total imports over value of

merchandise imports; domestic food price volatility; per capita food production and supply

variability; and political stability and the absence of conflict.

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Two of the most widely used global indexes in the area of food security and nourishment are the

Global Food SecurityIndex (GFSI) andthe Global Hunger Index (GHI). The GHIuses four indicators

tomeasure three areas relatedtohunger: child undernutrition, childmortality andinadequate food

supply. The GFSI measures 28 indicators in four main areas affecting food insecurity, covering a

large extent of the elements of the four food security pillars. The four indicators measured by the

GHI include the percentage of children under five years of age affected bywasting ; the percentage

of children under five years of age affected by stunting; the percentage of the population suffering

from undernourishment; and the under-five mortality rate. The four areas measured by the GFSI

are: availability, affordability (which reflects elements from the access pillar), quality and safety

(which reflects elements from the utilization pillar), and natural resources and resilience (which

reflects elements from the stability pillar). The indicators used in the GFSI, whichwill be used for

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FAO, IFAD andWFP. (2015). The State of Food Insecurity in theWorld 2015. Meeting the 2015 international hunger

targets: taking stock of uneven progress. Retrieved

fromhttp://www.fao.org/3/a-i4646e.pdf