Analysis of Agri-Food Trade Structures
To Promote Agri-Food Trade Networks
In the Islamic Countries
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Figure 13: Average Applied Tariffs on Fish Products, 1995-2016, Percent Ad Valorem
Source: Authors’ calculations based on data from WITS-TRAINS.
Figure 14: Average Applied Tariffs on Agricultural RawMaterials, 1995-2016, Percent Ad Valorem
Source: Authors’ calculations based on data from WITS-TRAINS.
As tariffs fall worldwide, agricultural products are subject to a dynamic seen in other sectors as
well: the increasing importance of NTMs as factors affecting the ability of exporters to access
foreign markets. NTMs come in many varieties, but the most important from the perspective of
trade in agricultural products are product standards, namely documents setting out
characteristics a product must have in order to be allowed access to a market, or to receive a
certification seen as important by consumers. For instance, most countries apply maximum
residue limits that limit the amount of pesticide that can be present in agri-food products
destined for consumers. At the WTO level, these kinds of measures are regulated by the
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
16%
18%
20%
Effectively Applied Rate - Fish Products Applied MFN Rate - Fish Products
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
6%
7%
8%
9%
Effectively Applied Rate - Agricultural Raw Materials
Applied MFN Rate - Agricultural Raw Materials