Barriers and Opportunities for Enhancing Capital Flows
In the COMCEC Member Countries
15
 The more fragile states among the LIC economies, which form the bulk of this group,15
may continue to rely heavily on ODA and FDI in the future. As shown in Figure 1.6, in
both low-income and middle-income fragile states ODA forms a significant share –
between 10% and 25% – of gross national income (GNI) and has been increasing since
2009. This is in stark contrast to non-fragile states (where ODA accounts for barely 5%
of GDP) and is unlikely to decrease dramatically in the short to medium term 16.
Figure 1.5: FDI flows by range for the COMCEC Member Countries within the low-income
group, 2012
LIC (18) FDI flows, 2012
Mozambique >$3bn ||||||||||||
Uganda $1-1.9bn |||||
Guinea $0.5-0.9bn ||
Niger $0.5-0.9bn ||
Sierra Leone $0.5-0.9bn ||
Bangladesh $0.1-0.9bn ||
Benin $0.1-0.4bn |
Chad $0.1-0.4bn |
Togo $0.1-0.4bn |
Kyrgyz <0.5bn |
Mali $0.1-0.4bn |
Somalia $0.1-0.4bn |
Tajiskistan <0.5bn |
Afghanistan <$0.1bn
Burkina Faso <$0.1bn
Comoros <$0.1bn
Gambia <$0.1bn
Guinea Bissau <$0.1bn
Source: UNCTAD World Investment Report 2013
15 According to the OECD report “Fragile states 2013: Resource flows and trends in a shifting world”, the following countries in the
low-income group are defined as fragile states: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Chad, Comoros, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kyrgyz Republic,
Niger, Sierra Leone, Somalia and Uganda
16 “Fragile states 2013: Resource flows and trends in a shifting world”, OECD, 2013