Table of Contents

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY........................................................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................................................5 1. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK..........................................................................................................8 1.1. Short History of the International View of Malnutrition..............................................8 1.2. Global Targets..........................................................................................................................9 1.3. Forms of Malnutrition and Intergenerational Transmission of Malnutrition...... 13 1.4. Determinants of Malnutrition........................................................................................... 16

1.5. Best Practices to Address Malnutrition.......................................................................... 18

1.6. Measures of Child Malnutrition........................................................................................ 23 2. MALNUTRITION IN THE OIC MEMBER COUNTRIES..........................................................2 4 2.1. Current Level of Malnutrition in the OIC Member Countries....................................24 2.2. Trends of Malnutrition in the OIC Member Countries................................................25 2.3. Malnutrition and Poverty in the OIC Member Countries............................................ 35 2.4. Risk Factors of Malnutrition in the OIC Member Countries....................................... 44 2.5. Short and Long Term Political, Social and Economic Consequences of

Malnutrition in theOIC Member Countries..................................................................... 47

2.6. Regional Policies Related to Malnutrition for the OIC Member Countries ............ 49 2.7. Effects of Climate Change and Natural Disasters in the OIC Member

Countries............................................................................................................................... 62

3. CASE STUDIES....................................................................................................................................65 3.1. Senegal.................................................................................................................................... 69 3.2. Egypt........................................................................................................................................81 3.3. Indonesia............................................................................................................................... 94 3.4. Bangladesh.......................................................................................................................... 104 3.5. Tajikistan............................................................................................................................. 114

4. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS............................................................................ 1 28

4.1. Key Messages......................................................................................................................128

4.2. Key Recommendations..................................................................................................... 131 REFERENCES ..........................................................................................................................................135 ANNEXES................................................................................................................................................. 1 4 4

i