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Education of Disadvantaged Children in OIC:

The Key to Escape from Poverty

42

gender. Moreover data collected in countries in censuses or household surveys might not be

comparable with each other due to differences in the definition of disability. Prevalence of

disability changes from survey to survey even in the same country depending on the question

asked. For instance in Uganda 7 percent of the population is disabled according to Uganda

National Household Survey 2005/2006 while the rate rises to 20 percent according to

Demographic and Health Survey 2006.

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Lack of data and differences in the definition of disability

is a problem for OIC countries and for the world as a whole, since the extent of the problem cannot

be known and nor can accurate cross-country comparisons be made

Figure 14 Disability status and disability type of children aged 2-9 in selected OIC countries

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Note: Data is obtained from UNICEF and University of Wisconsin School of Public Health and Medicine (2008)

The third wave of Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) is the only survey that is

known to us to collect data on disability in a number of countries allowing for comparisons.

A report on the third wave of MICS that was collected in 2005-2006 by UNICEF presents findings

on the prevalence of disability. Among the countries included in the survey 8 OIC countries are

also present (Se

e Figure 14)

. The disability module screens a child as positive if there is a problem

in either one of these 10 dimensions: (i) developmental problem (i.e delay in sitting, standing or

walking), (ii) vision, (iii) hearing, (iv) comprehension, (v) movement, (vi) fits/seizures, (vii)

learning, (viii) speaking, (ix) speech, (x) intellectual impairment.

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The results suggest that

disparity is high among participating OIC countries in the prevalence of disability among children

aged 2-9 years old. In Uzbekistan only 3.2 percent of the children were screened positive for

disability as opposed to 38.6 percent in Suriname. In Suriname the percentage is particularly high

due to 24 percent of children aged 3-9 having a problem in speech which is measured by asking

“Is (name)’s speech in any way different from normal?”.

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UNICEF (2013a)

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For developmental milestones the question in the survey is Compared with other children, did (name) have any serious delay

in sitting, standing, or walking?”, for speaking the question is “Does (name) speak at all (can he/she make himself/herself

understood in words; can he/she say any

recognizable words)?”, for speech the question is “

Ages 3–9: Is (name)’s speech in any

way different from normal?” and “

Age 2: Can he/she name at least one object (animal, toy, cup, spoon)?”

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UNICEF and University of Wisconsin School of Public Health and Medicine (2008)

3,2

15,9

20,8

20,9

29,5

32,5

34,2

38,6

-10

10

30

50

Uzbekistan Albania

Iraq

Bangladesh Mauritania Cameroon Sierra Leone Suriname

% of children aged 2-9

Developmental milestones

Vision

Hearing

Comprehension

Movement

Fits / Seizures

Learning

Speaking

Speech, ages 3–9 years

Speech, age 2 years

Intellectual Impairment

% Positive to the screening overall