Facilitating Trade:
Improving Customs Risk Management Systems
In the OIC Member States
94
The Cameron GUCE SW only contains an ICRM supporting all participating agencies, including
Customs. There with the external ICRM completes the ASY++ CDPS which only has limited CRM
support.
Senegalese Customs is developing an external transactional system, TAME, which not only
supports the Customs Risk but should also integrate with the tax administration in future.
The findings also show that only few OIC MS have adopted analytical tools. Amongst OIC MS
Indonesia, Oman, United Arab Emirates, Turkey implement BI and data mining to improve the
risk analysis. In the absence of such advanced tools, CAs manually assess, evaluate and identify
the risks based on observed patterns of noncompliance and feedback from irregularity and
offenses, and face challenges regarding the accuracy and usability of data for CRM purposes.
4.3.1.6 Consideration of External Factors
As the 57 OIC Member States are from three different regional groups and are at different stages
of economic development (se , it was interesting to see if CRM implementation level
reflects this income gaps.
Figure 31: Different stages of economic development of OIC MS
Author’s compilation
High-income OIC MS have a full CRM cycle coverage (7 CAs) and one has advanced performance.
But this does not mean that low-income countries do not implement CRM at all. In fact, many
low-income countries are in the medium level of implementation, and two are top performers.
Hence CRM is a general approach applied by nearly all CA, with the exception of 9 OIC MS not
implementing it yet, independent of their state of economic development. But obviously, high-
income countries have pushed the implementation further or implement faster. Availability of
financial and human resources may be easier for these countries. Pressure to improve Customs
efficiency and effectiveness may also grow due to deeper trade integration with more trade and
more diversified trade, which requires more sophisticated CRM tools.
A shows, CRM implementation does not vary between groups of high and low-income
countries, but within these groups.
16
18
15
8
0 5 10 15 20
Low income
Lower middle income
Upper middle income
High income