Increasing the Resilience of the Food Systems
In Islamic States in Face of Future Food Crises
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Figure 15: Food Trade Balance (Exports minus Imports, $ million 2016)
Source: WTO; DinarStandard analysis and synthesis
Group A1: OIC Agri-food export leaders
Three countries in the OIC represent a distinguished group of established food production
leaderswith a positive trade balance in food products, andmost prepared for facing future food
crises: Turkey, Indonesia, and Guyana. Although still classified as developing economies and
with GDP per capita between $4,000 and $11,000 in 2018, members of this group are among the
most food secure in the OIC, with less than 8% of each respective population experiencing
malnourishment between 2015 and 2017.
Group B1: Food secure, import-dependent members
Twelve members of the OIC are highly food secure but have limited agricultural resources and
are dependent upon food imports. This group predominantly comprises the most developed
countries in the OIC, including the six GCCmember countries, Malaysia, and Brunei Darussalam,
where GDP per capita exceeds $11,000 and has the resources to address future food crises.
Members of this group have sought to enhance food security through developing downstream
agri-food processing capabilities rather than agricultural production capabilities, with notable
members including Malaysia and UAE establishing robust Halal economic strategies to boost
manufacturing-related exports of Halal products. Malaysia is a notable outlier in this group as a
net exporter of food products; it leverages its strategic position as a trade hub and benefits from
a robust and globally respected Halal certification ecosystem.