Increasing the Resilience of the Food Systems
In Islamic States in Face of Future Food Crises
99
Table 50: Groups Impacted by Food Crises in Indonesia408
Group Impact
Women During the 1997-1998 economic crisis, womendominated terminationof
employment in the banking industry. According to research conductedby the
SMERU Institute, about 59% of femaleworkers in the banking sector experienced
terminationof employment. In addition, the proportionof the workforce
population forwomen fell from47% in1996 to 46.6% in1998. A large trade
deficit during crisis caused adrastic decline inproduction, which decreased in the
use of labor in various industries.
Small Holders The crisis adversely impacts the labormarket, which in turn impacted small
holder’s’ incomes. Themost significant impact occurred inurban areas compared
to rural areas. Nearly 15% of menworking in 1997 lost their jobs inAugust 1998.
In addition, the return of malemigrant workers to rural areas increaseddue to the
large number of jobs lost in cities.
Children The impact of the crisis was not to increase the drop-out rate at the primary level,
but there is adownward trend in the enrollment rates of first-grade elementary
school students and indicating that parents delay the registration of their smaller
children, while older children continue school. Other non-basic household
expenditures (non-food) tend to decrease.
Food Security Stakeholders
The Indonesian government has established an extensive apparatus, led by Badan Ketahanan
Pangan (BKP), to strengthen food security. The success of government policy to date has been
accomplished through the provision of materials, cooperation between the ministry of
agriculture and other ministries, strategic financial support, and agricultural research, which
has enabled the food industry to flourish.
Government Policy Part One: Entities and Responsibilities
To ensure food security in Indonesia—in terms of both quantity and quality—the government
of Indonesia has a special bureau called the Food SecurityAgency (BKP), part of the Ministry of
Agriculture. According to Law No. 18 of 2002, BKP is responsible for conducting assessments,
development, and coordination for strengthening food security. BKP has the following
functions409:
A. Assessment, preparation of policy formulation, development, monitoring and
strengthening of food availability, and prevention of food insecurity
B. Assessment, preparation of policy formulation, development, monitoring , and
strengthening food distribution and reserves
C. Assessment, preparation of policy formulation, development, monitoring, strengthening
consumption patterns, and diversification of food
D. Assessment, preparation of policy formulation, development, monitoring and
supervision of fresh food security
E. Implementation of administration of the Food Security Agency
408 Sudarno Sumarto, AnnaWetterberg, and Lant Pritchett. “Dampak Sosial dari Krisis di Indonesia: Hasil dari Survey
Nasional Kecamatan.” Republic of Indonesia Statistic Center Bureau.
409 “Task Functions.” Food Security Agency of theMinistry of Agriculture.