Increasing the Resilience of the Food Systems

In Islamic States in Face of Future Food Crises

of October 1997, which continued until December 2003. During this period, four different

presidents implemented a number of economic reforms, with mixed results. Economic reform

in the period after the crisis wasmainly driven by the IMF , as a requirement for their assistance.

The IMF requires a structural reform agenda, a number of steps towards macroeconomic

stabilization, and improvements in the health of the financial system. This included the

elimination all forms of monopoly and government subsidies for industries that were

considered not economically feasible. Subsidies were slowly shifted towards food

commodities.

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With these programs, the rate of inflation was reduced to 2.01% and slowly

increased the purchasing power of food by the community.

About 19.4 million (7.49%)

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Indonesian people are currently unable to meet their daily

nutritional needs. Government programs—such as rice subsidies for the poor and direct cash

transfers, among others—have helped the poor meet their food needs. According to a Gajah

Mada University study, the most significant drivers of food insecurity are the price of energy,

agricultural land area (rice, corn, soybeans), chicken and meat production, and populati on

density.

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These factors have their own macro transmissions, because consumption carried out

by the community is largely influenced by the rate of consumer price indexes that affect the

ability of the public to buy food. Indonesia has never experienced extreme food shortages, but

there are still many cases of malnutrition. Therefore, FAO does not have data on the prevalence

of adults experiencing hunger; FAOdata on the prevalence of Indonesian adultswhoexperience

undernourishment is presented in the following chart

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Figure 25: Indonesia - Prevalence of Undernourishment (%)

Source: FAO (2017)

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Haryo Aswicahyono and David Christian.“Perjalanan Reformasi Ekonomi Indonesia 1997-2016.” CSISWorking Paper

Series.

405

“World Food Programme – Indonesia.” WF

406

“Determinant Factors of Food Security in Indonesia.” Agro Ekonomi. Vol 28 (No 2). Dec 2017. pp. 205-19.

407

“Sustainable Development Goals – Indicators.” United Nation

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Prevalence of undernourishment (%)