Planning of National Transport Infrastructure
In the Islamic Countries
68
National Land Transport Multi-modal Model
A macro-level national land transport multi-modal model is developed with an integrated and
coordinated approach to guide the assessment of future demand based on trends in economic
and demographic indicators. This model will facilitate the demand assessment process. This will
provide important data to federal agencies, project developers and local authorities at the
planning stage (SPAD, 2013). A multi-modal transport system is clearly acknowledged by the
Malaysian government in its NTI planning as a key to liveable city development28.
Sustainability and resilience
Sustainability is certainly being an important part of the NTI plan in Malaysia. The government
has been putting efforts in ensuring that the energy consumption of the transport sector be at
sustainable and efficient level. The importance of sustainable transport is also very prominent
in the upcoming National Transport Policy 2018-2030 (see sectio . This is not surprising
considering that Malaysia is a signatory to the UN-led Sustainable Development Goals.
As discussed in sectio the integration of land use and transport planning is crucial for more
resilient and sustainable planning outcomes. In Malaysia, this integration is deemed very
high29. Land Use Plan is one of the six subsidiary plans of the NLPTMP. It identifies mechanism
to influence land use policies and planning process to favour land public transport provision and
performance. It also outlines available policy levers that allow land public transport to drive
land development. Rather than reacting to preestablished constraints, land public transport can
thus play a direct role in land use.
3.2.4. Procedural Factors and Financing
According to EPU30, prior to the preparation of 11MP, multiple studies are undertaken to
develop the strategic programs and projects. This is taken in the form of feasibility studies,
blueprints, master plans, surveys and data profiling etc. These studies provide strong evidenced
based foundation that helps the development of programs and projects incorporated in the
11MP. In addition, the strategic programs outlined in the 11MP have also been thoroughly
discussed with the respective ministries and agencies though established platforms such as
Inter-agency Planning Groups and Technical Working Groups. Stakeholders’ consultation and
buy-in is a critical process and given a lot of attention to ensure that strategic programs in the
11MP can be translated into actual implementation on the ground.
Public Consultation
Public consultation in NTI decision-making process in Malaysia is enforced by a Guideline on
Public Consultation Procedures, which establishes guiding principles and requirements for
carrying out an adequate public consultation exercise. The consultation involves various
stakeholders such as experts, regulators, business community, NGOs, interest groups and
28 Multi-modal transport system key to livable city development, ITS International.
29 Based on information from the Ministry of Transport Malaysia in 2018.
30 Interviewed by Fimotions in 2018.