Planning of National Transport Infrastructure
In the Islamic Countries
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citizens, using 24/7 online platforms, websites, government portals and social media. The
consultation takes place at the following stages:
 prior to a more formal consultation to obtain initial feedback and gain an understanding of
the issues
 early stage of impact assessment to gather inputs
 various stages of the policy making process
The public consultation process including the duration of each phase is shown in Figure 18.
Figure 18: Public consultation process in Malaysia
Source: Othman (2017)31
Public Private Partnership
A key factor for the successful implementation of the country’s infrastructure projects is the
adoption of public-private partnership (PPP) in the framework of the Malaysia Privatisation
Master Plan (MPM) in 1983. Before this, most infrastructure development was financed through
the Government Development Budget.
PPP allowed the government to launch more infrastructure projects by shifting the funding
these projects to the private sector. This, in turn, has made the private sector an important
engine of national growth32. In 2009, a dedicated agency, Public Private Partnership Unit (Malay:
31 Malaysia’s Experiences in Establishing a Mechanism for Public Consultation in Rule-making Process, Roziana Othman, WTO
SPS Transparency Workshop, Geneva, 30-31 October 2017
32 Infrastructure Financing in Malaysia, Hee Kong Yong, Nomura Journal of Asian Capital Markets, Spring 2017 Vol.1/No.2