Destination Development and
Institutionalization Strategies
In the OIC Member Countries
49
Figure 17: Tourism Supra-structure 181
Source: DinarStandard Analysis
Super-structure can enhance functions of building elements and natural elements. For example, supra-
structure includes hotels, restaurants, airports, theme parks, cruises, and convention centers. Examples of
where supra-structure elements are found in buildings include museums, skyscrapers, stadiums, and
commercial centers. Lastly, in natural elements, supra-structure can be found in unique architecture,
disaster areas, and history centers. Super-structure elements are often built to specifically attract tourists,
but also may have been built in earlier time periods and serve as tourist attractions currently, such as the
Statue of Liberty in New York City (USA) and the Buckingham Palace in London (UK).
Coordinate Service Enhancements Across the Value Chain
According to the International Trade Centre and World Tourism Organization, ‘The tourism value chain
includes all transactions occurring for tourism services providers – in the source market and at the
destination – and the supply of goods and services related to them.’182
Leveraging a value chain framework is beneficial to improving the management of a tourism destination.
183 A value chain reflects the activities across a tourism journey and describes the full range of resources
and activities to take a product or service from conception to distribution to consumers (tourists).184 Value
181 Developed based on information from the model of destination competitiveness/sustainability developed by Richie and Crouch.
182 Wood, A. (2001). Value chains: an economist’s perspective. IDS Bulletin, special issue: The Value of Value Chains, 32(3), 41–45.
183 Value Chain Development for Tourism Destinations (Rep.). (2010). SNV Netherlands Development Organisation.
184 Tourism and Trade: A Global Agenda for Sustainable Development (Rep.). (n.d.). International Trade Centre. Retrieved from
Tourism Resources
Types
Resources
Tourism
Impact
Lifecycle
Special events Entertainment
Outdoor activities
Religion
Business
Connectivity
Entry visas
Permits
Family/friends
Accommodation facilities
Attract-ions
Food and beveragefacilities
Transportation facilities
Environmental(national parks)
Transport(roads, railways)
Social (communications, stadiums,
convention centers)
Supporting
Resources
Activities Tangible
Linkages Intangible
Accessibility
Intangible
Tangible
Tourism supra-
structure
Tangible
Infrastructure Tangible