Risk & Crisis Management in Tourism Sector:
Recovery from Crisis
in the OIC Member Countries
71
Figure 4.1: Growth (decline) in International & Domestic Tourism to Indonesia 2000-10
Issues affecting tourism (indicated by numbers in bold):
1 Inter-ethnic riots, Poso, Central Sulawesi 14 Bali Bombing 2
2 Jakarta Stock Exchange Bombing 15 Central Java earthquake and Tsunami
3 WTC Tragedy (9/11) 16 US Avian Flu
4 Travel Advisory by Australia 17 Thai Coup d’Etat
5 Bali Bombing 1 18 Air Travel Warning by Australia
6 Iraq Conflict 19 EU ban on Indonesian airlines
7 SARS in Asia-Pacific Region 20 Global Economic Crisis
8 JWMarriott Bombing, Jakarta 21 H1N1 Outbreak
9 Australian Embassy Bombing, Jakarta 22 JWMarriott & Ritz Carlton Bombings, Jakarta
10 Indian Ocean Tsunami 23 West Java and West Sumatra earthquakes
11 Avian Flu 24 Thail Political Crisis
12 Terrorism 25 Mount Merapi eruption, Central Java
13 1 Increase in oil price
Source: Ministry of Tourism, Indonesia
Of the various crises impacting on Indonesian tourism, the Bali bombings in 2002 and 2005 had
the most significant impact, resulting in declines in international visitor arrivals of 11% and 6%
respectively. These setbacks notwithstanding, Indonesia’s tourism sector demonstrated great
resilience and recorded average growth of 4.4% per year over the decade (2000-2010).
7,12%
1,77%
-2,33%
-11,25%
19,12%
-6,00%
-2,61%
13,02% 13,24%
1,43%
10,74%
3,78%
0,89%
2,29%
-0,86%
10,09%
4,45%
5,51%
6,65%
2,12%
-3,82%
6,58%
-15%
-10%
-5%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
Indonesia World
2000
1, 2
2001
3
2003
6-8
2004
9, 10
2005
11-14
2006
15-17
2007
18, 19
2008
20
2009
21-23
2010
24-25
2002
4, 5
Indonesia average growth: 4.39%
Global average growth: 3.47%