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Reviewing Agricultural Trade Policies

To Promote Intra-OIC Agricultural Trade

28

With regard to their imports, the situation is not different. Top 5 import products for NAFTA,

ASEAN and the World Total did not change during 2008-2016. For MERCOSUR, Meat imports

moved to the 10

th

place as it may be expected, the bloc comprising the world biggest beef

producers such as Brazil and Argentina. For OIC, the division which went down 3 ranks is dairy

products, leaving its place to beverages and tobacco (Table 2. 3).

Finally, Figure 2. 8 shows the evolution of the global exports value of the top 5 agricultural

products according to destinations and Figure 2. 9, for the imports according to origin. For the

top 5 export products, the EU-28, NAFTA and MERCOSUR lost share to the benefit of the Rest of

the World. Figure 2. 8 confirms that in the global agricultural export markets of the top 5

products, developing countries participate to the competition more than before.

Figure 2. 8 Global Exports of Top 5 Producs by Destinations, %, 2008-2016

Source: ITC Macmap, CEPII BACI, Eurostat RAMON, UN Comtrade, UN Trade Statistics, and authors’ calculations

Figure 2. 9 displays that the leading origin group for the imports of the top 5 products changed

during the period considered, with EU leaving its leading role to the Rest of the World. It is also

worthmentioning that theMERCOSUR group comprising big agricultural countries to beginwith

Brazil lost share as the top five import products’ origin. However, this is due to a successful

strategy, diversifying their external trade in agriculture which is worth taken as an example.

This explains the choice of Brazil as one of the case study countries in this report.

2.2. Global Agricultural Trade Policy Objectives

The global overarching agricultural policy objective should certainly be considered as the United

Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goal (SDG): “End hunger, achieve food security and

improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture.”

The framework provided by the Uruguay Agreement on Agriculture for trade policy objectives

is “to establish a fair and market-oriented agricultural trading system and that a reform process

should be initiated through the negotiation of commitments on support and protection and

through the establishment of strengthened and more operationally effective GATT rules and

disciplines.” (WTO, 2018b).

17

16

16

16

16

15

16

17

16

6.5

5.8

6.2

6.5

7.0

6.6

5.7

5.7

5.7

6.2

6.7

7.0

7.0

6.9

6.6

7.0

7.2

7.1

42.6

41.9

40.5

39.6

38.6

39.6

38.7

37.1

37.5

27.6

30.0

30.4

30.8

32.0

31.9

32.5

33.3

33.5

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

NAFTA MERCOSUR ASEAN EU-28 Others