66
Member States only half of them include all the supply chain (except QIZ) into the AEO
programs.
Table 3.13. Comparison of the Types of AEO operators: Best practices and OIC countries
Importer Exporter Transporter Warehouse
Qualified
Industrial
Zone (QIZ)
Customs
Broker
Best Practice Countries
Canada     
EU      
Japan     
OIC Countries
Azerbaijan      
Egypt    
Indonesia  
Jordan      
Malaysia      
Morocco     
Oman    
Saudi Arabia     
Tunisia    
Turkey   
Uganda    
Source: Authors’ compilation using WCO (2018) data
Table 3.14 presents a comparison of the benefits provided to AEO holders in OIC countries and
best practices. The best practice countries, namely Canada, the EU and Japan, provide less
benefits compared to the OIC countries on average. There may be several reasons behind this:
(i) The operators in the best practice countries may be more prone to follow the practices of
the Customs compared to the ones in the OIC region, (ii) The cost to companies would be lower
in the best practice countries as they may already satisfy the compliance requirements.
Therefore, limited benefits would still cover the costs, (iii) Trade volumes of the companies in
the best practice countries may be so much higher that limited benefits provided by the AEO
programs would be cost- and time-efficient.