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3.4 Comparison of AEO Programs in OIC with Best Practices
The three best practice countries that were analyzed in Chapter 2, Canada, the EU and Japan,
have launched their AEO programs in 2-3 years following the SAFE Framework (Table 3.10).
Among the OIC Member states, Jordan and Morocco are the two countries that initiated an AEO
program instantaneously with SAFE. The remaining 10 AEO programs were designed in 2010
and afterwards. As mentioned in the previous Section 3.1, there is an advantage for early
starters in terms of compliance and number of operators. However, it is not only the launching
year that determines the number of operators in a program, financial and operational
capabilities of the traders in a country as well as trade volume are among the reasons.
Table 3.10. Comparison of AEO Programs: Best Practices & OIC Countries
# MRAs
# Operators Year of launch Bilateral Multilateral
Best Practice Countries
Canada 1838 2008 6
EU 19001 2008 6
Japan 664 2006 8
OIC Countries
Azerbaijan 2 2013 -- --
Brunei Darussalam -- 2017 -- --
Egypt 124 2014 1
Indonesia 80 2015
Jordan 88 2005 1 1
Malaysia 59 2010 3
Morocco 439 2006 1
Oman 17 2017
Saudi Arabia 6 2018
Tunisia 35 2010 1
Turkey 332 2013 1
Uganda 51 2013
Source: Authors’ compilation using WCO (2018) data.
Involving in a Mutual Recognition Agreement is important for an AEO Program, both from the
Customs and traders perspective as discussed in Chapter 2. For a country to seek for an MRA
takes time as it requires the AEO program to be settled and well-functioning. Therefore, it is
understandable that the best practices in this study, Canada, the EU and Japan have already