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3.7. Major Achievements and Challenges ...............................................................................................72 4. COUNTRY CASE STUDIES ..............................................................................................................................78 4.1. The AEO CASE STUDY of JORDAN ......................................................................................................78 4.1.1. Evolution of the AEO Program .................................................................................................................... 78 4.1.2. Benefits of the AEO Program........................................................................................................................ 81 4.1.3. Implementation ................................................................................................................................................. 82 4.1.4. Evaluation of the AEO Program .................................................................................................................. 85 4.1.5. Overview of the AEO Program..................................................................................................................... 86 4.2. The AEO CASE STUDY of TURKEY ......................................................................................................87 4.2.1. Evolution of the AEO Program .................................................................................................................... 87 4.2.2. Benefits of the AEO Program........................................................................................................................ 89 4.2.3. Implementation ................................................................................................................................................. 91 4.2.4. Evaluation of the AEO Program .................................................................................................................. 98 4.2.5. Overview of the AEO Program.................................................................................................................. 100 4.3. The AEO CASE STUDY of UGANDA .................................................................................................. 102 4.3.1. Evolution of the AEO Program ................................................................................................................. 102 4.3.2. Benefits of the AEO Program..................................................................................................................... 104 4.3.3. Implementation .............................................................................................................................................. 105 4.3.4. Evaluation of the AEO Program ............................................................................................................... 108 4.3.5. Overview of the AEO Program.................................................................................................................. 112 5. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................................. 115 5.1 General Success Factors...................................................................................................................... 115 5.2 Challenges and Policy Recommendations ................................................................................... 118 5.3. Towards a Regional MRA/AEO........................................................................................................ 124 References ........................................................................................................................................................... 128 ANNEX I. AEO and CCP programs in OIC Countries ............................................................................... 132 ANNEX II. Survey Sent to OIC Customs ...................................................................................................... 134 ANNEX III. Summary Information on Operational AEOs .................................................................... 161 ANNEX IV. Comparator Matrix ..................................................................................................................... 169 ANNEX V. Interview Questions with OIC Private Sector in Case Studies ...................................... 177 ANNEX VI. Interview Questions with OIC Countries’ Custom Authorities in Case Studies..... 180