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Table 2.3 Barriers to Export and TPO Activities
Stages of Export Barrier TPO activities to overcome barriers
Trade Finance and Insurance ･Lack of capital to finance export ventures.
･Lack of knowledge about trade finance instruments, export
insurance products and limited access to such services in
regions.
･Exchange rate fluctuations.
･Create a hub of information comprising all services, organisations, regulations related to trade
finance and insurance.
･Promote knowledge about Trade Finance instruments in the regions.
･Work with international financial institutions and rating agencies to improve risk rating of the
state (to achieve lower rates for trade financing).
International Market Research ･Limited market intelligence on foreign markets
･Difficulty in finding a competent distributor in foreign
markets
･Language barriers
･Arrange seminars, workshops, courses to create awareness and improve exporting skills
(exporting procedures, export market research, export marketing strategy).
･Supplying foreign market information (technical standards, customer lists, commercial
legislation) .
･Supplying risk profile and creditworthiness information about potential importers and
importing countries.
Production ･Quality and safety standards and licensing imposed by
importing states
･Helping firms to boost their exports using special tools (export subsidies, financial assistance,
and expert consultation).
･Insufficient competitiveness in product features and
production costs
･Coordinating efforts of national and international standardisation and metrology bodies on
implementing international quality and safety standards.
･Supplying foreign market information on technical standards.
Export Contract ･Lack of knowledge about legal implications of contracts
signed with international partners
･Supplying foreign market information on commercial legislation, assisting exporters in finding
legal advice if necessary.
Certificate of Origin ･Lack of knowledge about procedures, complexity of the
process
･Working with bodies responsible for issuing Certificates of Origin on making the process as
easy to understand and transparent as possible.
･Educate exporters about the procedures.
Transport ･Availability of modes of transport ･Working with responsible agencies to achieve better diversification and reliability of modes of
transport.
･Availability of transport insurance ･Cooperation with insurance companies to ensure better Availability of transport insurance
products.
Export Customs ･Customs fees and procedures ･Educating exporters about customs procedures.
･Time to process customs formalities ･Cooperation with customs authorities to optimise paperwork and time it takes to clear goods
for export.
Post-Export ･Possible barriers imposed by the importing countries ･Making a mechanism whereby the state and potential exporters are aware of such barriers
･Initiate discussions at the international organisations’ level or bilaterally to eliminate such
barriers
Source: EUAG (2011)