Increasing the Resilience of the Food Systems
In Islamic States in Face of Future Food Crises
62
Table 32: Key Entities Across the Food and Beverage Ecosystem
Stakeholder Agriculture Agro-
industry and
Retail
Investment Education NGO/Special
Interest
Groups
Select Key
Entities
Revenues of $50
billion or
more 223
Revenues of
$50 billion or
more224
Assets of $30
billion or
more225
10,000 students
or more226
1 million or
more members/
beneficiaries
 Monsanto
 Nutrien
 DowDuPont
 Cargill
 PepsiCo
 Archer
Daniels
Midlands
 Blackstone
Group
 Carlyle
Group
 KKR
 Cornell
University
 University
of Florida
 Texas A&M
University
 Feeding
America
 American
Farm
Bureau
Federation
Identifying Food Security Vulnerabilities in the U.S.
The U.S. food system faces a number of vulnerabilities that can significantly impact the level of
food security in the country.
Table 33: Summary of Areas of Vulnerability in the U.S. Food System (highlighted in table)
Availability Access and Affordability Utilization Stability
Production Transportation Food Safety Availability
Reserves Market Infrastructure Care & Feeding Practices Access
Imports Purchasing Capacity Health &Sanitation Utilization
Source: DinarStandard Analysis
The U.S. faces substantial environmental risks and is ranked 44th in theworld overall for natural
resources and resilience,227 due primarily to a particularly high risk of exposure to significant
climate change, where the country is ranked 134th in theworld.228 Global warming, in particular,
is expected to adversely impact U.S. agriculture, with temperatures expected to rise by one to
two degrees Celsius over the next 40 years, increasing precipitation. While this impact can be
mitigated, in the long term, agricultural productivity is expected to decline, with agricultural
yields falling and impacting livestock quality.229
The U.S. is also vulnerable to import shocks. Despite a trade surplus, the country is highly
dependent on imports for critical fertilizer categories; the U.S. imports 89% of domestic potash
use and over 40% of U.S. domestic nitrogen use. If either key import is disrupted, the U.S. could
face sharp increases in commodity prices. While this case study focuses specifically on the U.S.,
there are obvious parallels that can be drawn with the OIC region as a whole which broadly
223 Sekulich, Tony. (2019, February 2). Top Ten Agribusiness Companies in theWorld. Tharawat Magazine. Retrieved from
224 Food Processing Technology. (2018, June 20).Theworld’s biggest food companies in 2018.” Food Processing Technology.
Retrieved fro
225 Rosenberg, Eric. (2019, April 3). The 8 Best Private Equity Firms of 2019. The Balance. Retrieved from
226 McMahon, Karen. (2016). Top 10 Ag Universities. Sygneta Thrive. Retrieved fro
227 “Natural Resources & Resilience Rankings.” Global Food Security Index. 2018.
228 ND-GAINCountry Index. University of Notre Dam
229 “Climate Change and Global Food Security and the U.S. Food System.” USDA. Dec 2015.