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3.4. Liquidity Infrastructure ................................................................................................................................49 3.4.1. Liquidity Markets and Instruments ................................................................................................49 3.4.2. Lender of the Last Resort (LOLR) Facilities ................................................................................50 3.5. Information Infrastructure and Transparency ...................................................................................51 3.5.1. Accounting and Auditing Framework/Transparency and Disclosure.............................51 3.5.2. Credit-Reporting Systems and Rating Agencies ........................................................................52 3.6. Consumer Protection Architecture ..........................................................................................................53 3.6.1. Consumer Protection and Financial Literacy Scheme ............................................................53 3.6.2. Deposit Insurance...................................................................................................................................54 3.7. Human Capital & Knowledge Development Framework................................................................55 4. Islamic Financial Architecture: Case Studies of Selected OIC Member Countries ......................56 4.1. Bangladesh .........................................................................................................................................................56 4.1.2. Legal Infrastructure...............................................................................................................................57 4.1.3. Financial System Regulation and Supervision Framework..................................................58 4.1.3. Shariah Governance Framework .....................................................................................................59 4.1.4. Liquidity Infrastructure .......................................................................................................................60 4.1.5. Information Infrastructure and Transparency ..........................................................................61 4.1.6. Consumer Protection Architecture .................................................................................................62 4.1.7. Human Capital & Knowledge Development Framework.......................................................64 4.1.8. Summary and Conclusions..................................................................................................................64 4.2. Egypt .....................................................................................................................................................................65 4.2.1. Legal Infrastructure...............................................................................................................................66 4.2.2. Financial System Regulation and Supervision Framework..................................................68 4.2.3. Shariah Governance Framework......................................................................................................68 4.2.4. Liquidity Infrastructure .......................................................................................................................69 4.2.5. Information Infrastructure and Transparency ..........................................................................69 4.2.6. Consumer Protection Architecture .................................................................................................69 4.2.7. Human Capital & Knowledge Development Framework.......................................................70 4.2.8. Summary and Conclusions..................................................................................................................71 4.3. Indonesia............................................................................................................................................................71 4.3.1. Legal Infrastructure...............................................................................................................................73 4.3.2. Financial System Regulation and Supervision Framework..................................................75 4.3.3. Sharia Governance Framework ........................................................................................................76 4.3.4. Liquidity Infrastructure .......................................................................................................................76 4.3.5. Information Infrastructure and Transparency ..........................................................................77