Education of Disadvantaged Children in OIC:
The Key to Escape from Poverty
61
approximately 20 percent of the grant, it received more than 80 percent in 2002199 Evaluation of
the impact of the campaign showed that in districts where newspaper penetration is higher
children scored higher in Primary School Leaving Exam.200 Community participation could also
be facilitated through school based management models where school committees composed of
parents have greater responsibility in school matters. In Indonesia, in 2002 through a
governmental decree, school committees composed of parents, community leaders, and teachers
were called to be established in schools.201 Yet parental participation in school management
continued to remain limited in the country.202 However institutional reforms tried out in
experimental forms in a number of schools in Indonesia such as introducing elections to school
committees and building links between village councils and school committees were found to
have positive effects on students’ learning outcomes.203
199 Bjorkman (2006)
200 Bjorkman (2006)
201 Chen (2011)
202 Chen (2011)
203 Pradhan et al. (2014)