Urban Transport in the OIC Megacities
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Figure 2: Existing (solid line) and planned (dash line) toll-highway network
Source: Jakarta Transportation Agency in Figures, 2013
The direct result that cannot be avoided is traffic congestion, which has been a chronic problem faced
in the Jabodetabek region and the situation is expected to worsen should there be no improvement of
any kind made on the existing transportation system. At present, the congestion cost of Jakarta is
estimated at USD 3.4 billion per year, which consists of energy waste, vehicle operational cost, time
value, economic value and external environmental costs (Adiwianto, 2010). World Bank (2001) in
Somuyiwa (2010) also pointed out on-the-road congestion costs in five major cities including Jakarta.
Decrease in travel speed and deteriorating travel environment for pedestrians and people powered
vehicles, due to the inefficiency of the entire road transport system, Jakarta experienced an average
one way journey to work of about one and quarter hours or more.
In order to reduce congestion, the Government of Jakarta has developed bus rapid transit (BRT)
system in Jakarta (called TransJakarta), the first high quality public transport in Jakarta and Indonesia
that has been in operation since 2004. It started with one corridor in 2004, it has now 12 corridors,
which make it the world's longest bus rapid transit route. By 2020, this BRT network will be
complemented by a North – South Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) corridor. Figure 12 presents the existing
and planned public transport network in Jakarta until 2020.