Urban Transport in the OIC Megacities
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4. 3 OIC Case Studies Review
4.1. Jakarta
4.1.1. Urban background
Daerah Khusus Ibukota/DKI (Capital Special Region) Jakarta, after this will be indicated as Jakarta, is
the capital of Indonesia and it has ‘provincial government level’ status. The metropolitan area of
Jakarta consists of the agglomerations of the following regencies/cities:
Table 5:List of regencies/cities in the Jakarta Metropolitan Area
Province Regency/City
DKI Jakarta
Province
North Jakarta City
South Jakarta City
Central Jakarta City
East Jakarta City
West Jakarta City
West Java
Province
Bogor Regency
Bekasi Regency
Bogor City
Bekasi City
Depok City
Banten Province Tangerang Regency
Tangerang City
South Tangerang City
In short, the metropolitan area is also called Jabodetabek, taken from the initial letters of the
administrative units of Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang and Bekasi. Based on the Population Census
2010, the population of the Jabodetabek Metropolitan Area was 28 million, which makes it the largest
metropolitan area in South East Asia. The population of Jakarta in 2013 was 10.1 million9.
The annual population growth of Jakarta between 1980 and 1990 was 2.4%, and dropped to 0.2%
between 1990 and 2000, which was most likely due to the success of the Family Planning Programme.
Between 2000 and 2005 the population growth reached 1.1% annually. In the last decade, the
population of Jakarta has been increasing by approximately 4.5% per year. Currently, the population
density is more than 15,000 people/km2.
4.1.2. Transport network and infrastructure
The population growth of Jakarta results in the growth of travel demand. Transport problems occur
when the road network is insufficient to meet the increasing traffic demand. As an illustration, the
number of registered vehicles in Jakarta increases by 11% per year, while the road capacity increases
by only 1% per year. Currently, the road network in Jakarta accounts for 6.3% of the total area of
Jakarta (as comparison, this number is 24% for Paris and 21% for London).
Toll roads (see Figure 11 for the existing and planned toll roads in Jakarta) have helped to relieve
urban traffic congestion in the city, but internal traffic circulation is still in need of improvement: a
poorly developed sub-arterial network, interference from roadside activities, andmixed traffic remain
as causes of delay and reduced capacity. As one of the strategies indicated in the Transport Master
Plan Jakarta10, road capacity will be increased by constructing new roads or expanding the current
ones.
9Jakarta Transportation Agency in Figures, 2013.
10The Jakarta Transport Master Plan indicates three main strategies: (1) Public Transport Development; (2) Traffic Restriction; and
(3) Road Network Capacity Increase.