iii
4.3. TRACECA Routes ................................................................................................................................................ 71
4.3.1. General factors.......................................................................................................................................... 71
4.3.2. Political and Institutional Factors.................................................................................................... 73
4.3.3. Economic factors ..................................................................................................................................... 76
4.3.4. Trade Facilitation .................................................................................................................................... 80
4.3.5. Social factors.............................................................................................................................................. 84
4.3.6. Safety, security and the legal liability............................................................................................. 86
4.3.7. Technical and Operational Factors.................................................................................................. 88
4.3.8. Environmental and Energy Factors................................................................................................. 92
4.3.9. Corridor Performance Monitoring................................................................................................... 92
4.3.10. Conclusion .................................................................................................................................................. 93
4.3.11. Recommendation .................................................................................................................................... 93
4.4. CAREC Corridor 3............................................................................................................................................... 94
4.4.1. General factors.......................................................................................................................................... 94
4.4.2. Political and Institutional Factors.................................................................................................... 97
4.4.3. Economic factors ..................................................................................................................................... 99
4.4.4. Trade Facilitation ..................................................................................................................................100
4.4.5. Social factors............................................................................................................................................108
4.4.6. Safety, security and the legal liability...........................................................................................109
4.4.7. Technical and Operational Factors................................................................................................110
4.4.8. Environmental and Energy Factors...............................................................................................112
4.4.9. Corridor Performance Monitoring.................................................................................................113
4.4.10. Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................113
4.4.11. Recommendation ..................................................................................................................................114
4.5. Trans-African Highway 1..............................................................................................................................114
4.5.1. General .......................................................................................................................................................114
4.5.2. Political and Institutional Factors..................................................................................................116
4.5.3. Economic factors ...................................................................................................................................119
4.5.4. Trade Facilitation ..................................................................................................................................120
4.5.5. Social factors............................................................................................................................................122
4.5.6. Safety, security and the legal liability...........................................................................................123
4.5.7. Technical and Operational Factors................................................................................................123
4.5.8. Environmental and Energy Factors...............................................................................................126
4.5.9. Corridor Performance Monitoring.................................................................................................126
4.5.10. Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................127
4.5.11. Recommendation ..................................................................................................................................128
4.6. Northern Transit Transport Corridor .....................................................................................................128
4.6.1. General factors........................................................................................................................................128
4.6.2. Political and Institutional Factors..................................................................................................129
4.6.3. Economic factors ...................................................................................................................................132
4.6.4. Trade Facilitation ..................................................................................................................................134
4.6.5. Social factors............................................................................................................................................137
4.6.6. Safety, security and the legal liability...........................................................................................138
4.6.7. Technical and Operational Factors................................................................................................141
4.6.8. Environmental and Energy Factors...............................................................................................149
4.6.9. Corridor Performance Monitoring.................................................................................................150
4.6.10. Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................151
4.6.11. Recommendation ..................................................................................................................................152
4.7. International North-South Transport Corridor ..................................................................................152
4.7.1. General factors........................................................................................................................................152
4.7.2. Political and Institutional Factors..................................................................................................154