Contents ................................................................................................................................................................................i

List of Figures ....................................................................................................................................................................ii

List of Tables .................................................................................................................................................................... iii

List of Abbreviations......................................................................................................................................................iv

Executive Summary.........................................................................................................................................................1

Background and Methodology.................................................................................................................................17

Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................................20

1.

Sustainable Destination Management ...........................................................................................................26

1.1.

Governance and Regulatory Environment ........................................................................................27

1.2.

Sustainable Tourism Strategies..............................................................................................................30

1.3.

Monitoring and Evaluation of Sustainable Tourism......................................................................46

2.

Case Studies...............................................................................................................................................................51

2.1. Field Case Studies...........................................................................................................................................51

2.1.1.

Maldives.............................................................................................................................................51

2.1.2. Oman......................................................................................................................................................57

2.1.3. Uganda ..................................................................................................................................................64

2.2. Desk Case Studies..........................................................................................................................................75

2.2.1. Denmark...............................................................................................................................................75

2.2.2. Italy........................................................................................................................................................82

2.2.3. Jordan ....................................................................................................................................................91

2.2.4. Palestine ...............................................................................................................................................99

3. OIC Member States vs. Global Best Practices Comparative Analysis ............................................. 105

3.1.

Sustainable Destination Management Parameters..................................................................... 105

3.2.

Parameter 1: Supportive Regulatory Environment.................................................................... 105

3.3. Parameter 2: Stakeholder Engagement and Support ................................................................. 109

3.4. Parameter 3: Effective Sustainable Tourism Strategies ............................................................ 111

3.5. Parameter 4: Access to Funding ........................................................................................................... 117

3.6. Parameter 5: Monitoring Destination Sustainability .................................................................. 119

4.

Policy Recommendations for the OIC Member States.......................................................................... 122

References..................................................................................................................................................................... 140