Facilitating Trade:
Improving Customs Risk Management Systems
In the OIC Member States
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4 Analysis of OIC Member States’ CRM efforts
This study aims to document and analyze the state of implementation of CRM in OIC MS and
COMCEC to support their efforts for improvement of the CRM.
OIC MS vary in terms of economic development, political and administrative organization, and
geography and trade policy priorities. Besides, CAs in OIC MS varies in terms of organization,
practices, and resources. Risk management is a general concept that can be applied in different
contexts and administrations. The inclusion of CRM into the WTO TFA is a testimony of the
global recognition of its benefits.
Nevertheless, the implementation of CRM across the world is not uniform and is unequal: the
depth of implementation, the effectiveness, and the use of IT support are only three aspects in
which the implementation can differ. The study, therefore, describes to what extent CRM is
applied by CA in OIC MS and describes specificities of the implementation. The comparative
analysis is being used to identify and observe patterns of implementation that indicate
challenges or basic requirements.
4.1 Description of Assessment method
This study aims to document and analyze specific characteristics of CRM implementation. For
this, it is necessary to develop a set of assessment criteria covering various aspects of CRM.
These criteria were grouped into five categories, covering the legal and regulatory framework,
the organizational and management, risk management cycle, monitor and review and
technology (see Chapte .
Information was collected using three different collection methods of interviews, survey and
desk research. However, limited number of survey responses (see Annex 7.2.2) made made it
impossible to use these criteria for comparative cross-country analysis.
Desk research and interviews were used for collection of information for the three case studies.
Three missions were undertaken to the Turkey, Senegal and Albania CAs.
4.1.1 Assessment Criteria
4.1.1.1 Cross-country comparison: single criteria
Risk Management Cycle is concerned with the extent to which the CRM supports risk
identification, customs control, and trade facilitation at the same time. Effective risk
management requires implementation of documented risk management cycle that enables close
cooperation among related entities, including border agencies and other countries customs
authorities. The attributes, therefore, capture the stages that customs official undertakes in the
implementation of risk management processes.
The assessment method, therefore, was amended; the cross-country comparison relies on single
criteria - Risk Management Cycle, on which information can be obtained for all OIC MS even in
the absence of a survey. Information on the remaining criteria, necessarily obtained through the
surveys, are used for the in-depth analysis at the country level.
4.2 Stage of Implementation of CRM in the OIC Member States
4.2.1 CRM Survey
The CRM survey – in Anne was prepared and sent to all OIC Member States. 12 responses
were received from the following OIC MS CAs (Cameroon, Ivory Coast, Jordan, Morocco, Nigeria,
Palestine, Suriname, Indonesia, Turkey, Senegal, Albania, and Togo).