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Table of Content
1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 4
1.1 The Methodology of the Study..............................................................................................................................5
1.2 The Sections of the Study ........................................................................................................................................6
2 Conceptual Framework........................................................................................................................ 8
2.1 Customs Risk Management Framework (CRMF) .........................................................................................8
2.2 Setting Up and Operating CRM .......................................................................................................................... 14
2.3 Benefits of Setting up CRMs ................................................................................................................................ 21
2.4 Authorized Economic Operators (AEO) ........................................................................................................ 24
2.5 International Agreements, Standards and Recommendations ........................................................... 25
3 Global Trends and Best Practices...................................................................................................31
3.1 Emerging Global Trends in CRM Development.......................................................................................... 31
3.2 Analysis of Global non-OIC Best Cases ........................................................................................................... 47
3.3 Summary – Lesson Learned from Kosovo, New Zealand and Australian Customs.................... 69
3.4 Requirements for a Successful Outcome during Establishment & Implementation of CRM . 71
3.5 Benchmark Criteria ................................................................................................................................................ 72
4 Analysis of OIC Member States’ CRM efforts...............................................................................75
4.1 Description of Assessment method ................................................................................................................. 75
4.2 Stage of Implementation of CRM in the OIC Member States ................................................................ 75
4.3 Comparative Findings of this study................................................................................................................. 76
4.4 Summary of the main findings of the OIC MS CRM Efforts ................................................................ 102
5 OIC Country Case Studies................................................................................................................ 104
5.1 CRM in Turkey Customs Administration (TCA) ...................................................................................... 104
5.2 CRM in Customs Service of Senegal (CSS) ................................................................................................. 114
5.3 CRM in Albanian Customs Administration (ACA) .................................................................................. 125
5.4 Summary – Lesson Learned from Turkey, Senegal and Albanian Customs ............................... 132
6 Conclusion and Recommendations ............................................................................................ 136
6.1 Challenges ................................................................................................................................................................ 136
6.2 OIC MS CRM Policy Options ............................................................................................................................. 143
7 List of Annexes ................................................................................................................................... 167
7.1 ANNEX I..................................................................................................................................................................... 167
7.2 ANNEX II ................................................................................................................................................................... 176
7.3 ANNEX III ................................................................................................................................................................. 200
7.4 ANNEX IV.................................................................................................................................................................. 210
7.5 ANNEX V ................................................................................................................................................................... 212