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The humid temperate (subtropical) Mediterranean climate, dominated over the
southwest (Cap region) and over the Mediterranean, mostly on the northwest African
coast.
Dry winter and wet summer tropical savanna climate is seen in the north and
south of the Equator, where it replaces some north and south parts of the tropical
rainforest climate region during course of the year. Consequently, there are distinct wet
and dry seasons between summer and winter.
Dry and hot steppe climate, away from the Equator to the north and south, the
savanna grades into drier semi-arid steppe. Dry and hot desert climate of the Sahara in
the north is the Earth’s largest desert. Highland climate is largely found in the east,
below the Horn of Africa.
Figure 6.2. Precipitations in African Group Countries
Source: AQUASTAT, 2013
6.2. Arab Group
According to long term annual average precipitation records, average value for
Arab countries was 227 mm. While Egypt had the lowest precipitation level (51 mm),
the highest precipitation (900 mm) was received by Comoros (Figure 6.3).
Most countries of the Arab Group are found in the arid or semi-arid regions of
the world. Additionally, 80% of the Arab Group of countries is geographically