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COMCEC Transport and Communications

Outlook 2016

41

4.

ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF TRANSPORT SECTOR

Transport emissions have been rising over time in parallel with the increase in transport

demand. As Figure 19 shows, with regard to CO

2

, the most emitted GHG, transportation

accounted for 23% of global CO

2

emissions, which makes it the second largest CO

2

emitter,

proceeded by electricity and heat generation (42%) and followed by industry (19%) in 2013

(OECD/IEA, 2015). Figure 20 reveals that with regard to international trade related CO

2

emissions by transportation mode, road transportation dominates CO

2

emissions by 53% and it

is followed by maritime transport (37%), air transport (7%), and rail transport (3%).

Figure 19: World CO

2

emissions by sector

(2013)

Figure 20: International trade related CO

2

emissions by mode (2010)

Source: OECD/IEA (2015)

Source: OECD/ITF (2015)

Though it is likely to observe some variations depending on the domestic fuel prices and the

availability of alternative energy sources, higher per capita income countries tend to emit more

GHG per capita. Figure 21 shows that there is a positive correlation between transport-related

CO

2

emissions and GDP per capita (PPP) in the OIC countries. One reason for this tendency is the

increased private car ownership with increasing per capita income, which eventually increases

personal trips and accordingly GHG emissions. Another implication of the figure is that the

countries with higher GHG emissions are mostly from oil producing countries, which often

corresponds to lower pump prices for gasoline and consequently more road sector energy

consumption.

Electricity and

heat generation

42%

Transport

23%

Industry

19%

Residential

6%

Services

3%

Other

7%

Sea, 37%

Air, 7% Rail,

3%

Road, 53%