i
Table of Contents
Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................................................................1
1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................................6
1.1. The Context for the Research and Study.........................................................................................................6
1.2. Scope of Work .............................................................................................................................................................7
1.3. Background to Work Undertaken ......................................................................................................................7
2. Literature Review: Conceptual Framework for the Planning Practices Regarding National
Transport Infrastructure ..............................................................................................................................................9
2.1. Introduction.................................................................................................................................................................9
2.1.1. The Aim of Literature Review ...................................................................................................................9
2.1.2. NTI in Literature..............................................................................................................................................9
2.2. Political and Legislation Factors...................................................................................................................... 10
2.2.1. Political and Legislation Factors in OIC Countries ........................................................................ 10
2.2.2. Political and Legislation Factors Outside OIC Geography.......................................................... 12
2.2.3. Sustainable Development......................................................................................................................... 14
2.2.4. Conclusions..................................................................................................................................................... 14
2.3. Institutional and Organizational Factors ..................................................................................................... 15
2.3.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 15
2.3.2. Institutional and Organizational Factors in OIC Countries ....................................................... 16
2.3.3. Institutional and Organizational Factors Outside OIC Geography ......................................... 17
2.4. Technical Factors.................................................................................................................................................... 18
2.4.1. Technical Factors in OIC Countries ...................................................................................................... 21
2.4.2. Technical Factors Outside OIC Geography........................................................................................ 21
2.5. Procedural Factors, including Financing ..................................................................................................... 23
2.5.1. Procedural Factors in OIC Countries ................................................................................................... 25
2.5.2. Procedural Factors Outside OIC Geography..................................................................................... 27
2.6. Content of National Transport Infrastructure Plan ................................................................................ 32
2.6.1. Content of National Transport Infrastructure Plan in OIC Countries ................................... 34
2.6.2. Content of National Transport Infrastructure Plan Outside OIC Geography .................... 34
2.7. Data Collection Method, including Statistics and Surveys ................................................................... 40
2.7.1. Data Collection Method in OIC Countries .......................................................................................... 41
2.7.2. Data Collection Method Outside OIC Geography ........................................................................... 41
2.8. Monitoring System................................................................................................................................................. 43
2.8.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 43
2.8.2. Types of Evaluation and the Criteria Used ....................................................................................... 44
2.8.3. Evaluation Processes and Participation............................................................................................. 45
2.8.4. Monitoring System in OIC Countries ................................................................................................... 45
2.8.5. Monitoring System Outside OIC Geography..................................................................................... 45
3. Case Studies Review ..................................................................................................................................................... 48
3.1. Kazakhstan ................................................................................................................................................................ 48
3.1.1. Political and Legislation Factors ........................................................................................................... 48
3.1.2. Institutional and Organizational Factors........................................................................................... 50
3.1.3. Technical Factors ......................................................................................................................................... 51
3.1.4. Procedural Factors and Financing........................................................................................................ 54
3.1.5. Content of NTI Plan ..................................................................................................................................... 56
3.1.6. Data Collection Method ............................................................................................................................. 59
3.1.7. Monitoring System ...................................................................................................................................... 59
3.1.8. Conclusions..................................................................................................................................................... 60
3.1.9. Policy Recommendations ......................................................................................................................... 62
3.2. Malaysia...................................................................................................................................................................... 62
3.2.1. Political and Legislation Factors ........................................................................................................... 62