Risk & Crisis Management in Tourism Sector:
Recovery from Crisis
in the OIC Member Countries
58
Guyana, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Morocco, Mozambique, Oman, Saudi Arabia,
Suriname, Tajikistan, Togo, Uzbekistan.
2. Some OIC countries which need to improve their tourism industry (8). They are: Cameroon,
Chad, Comoros, Mauritania, Niger, Somalia, Sudan and Yemen.
3. OIC countries which at some stage have had a significant tourism industry but which have
encountered significant challenges due to various types of crises namely environmental,
health, socio-political, technological and economic (24). They are: Afghanistan, Azerbaijan,
Bangladesh, Burkina Faso, Egypt, Gambia, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ivory Coast, Jordan, Lebanon,
Malaysia, the Maldives, Mali, Nigeria, Pakistan, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey,
Turkmenistan, and Uganda. These countries and the principal crises affecting themare listed
in Tables 3.1-3.5.
Table 3.1: Environmental Crises affecting Tourism in the OIC Countries
Country Event
Bangladesh Floods, cyclones (e.g. Cyclone Sidr, 2007). Especially threatened by sea-level rise due to
climate change.
Burkina Faso Recurring droughts leading to desertification and loss of life (early 1970s, early 1980s)
Indonesia Worst-hit country by Indian Ocean Tsunami (2004). Earthquakes (2005, 2006).
Iran Earthquakes (1990, 2003) kill c. 40,000 people each time.
Malaysia Indian Ocean Tsunami affects west coast (2004), severe floods (2006).
Mali Drought + plague of locusts causes severe food shortages (2004-5).
Maldives Indian Ocean Tsunami causes deaths and severe infrastructural damage (2004); especially
threatened by sea-level rise due to climate change.
Pakistan Devastating earthquake in Kashmir (2005), serious floods (2010).
Uganda Severe floods cause widespread devastation, state of emergency imposed.
Sources: BBC News World Country Profiles; UK Foreign Office Travel Advisories; Wikipedia; various academic papers
(as per list of references).