Community Based Tourism
Finding the Euilibrium in the COMCEC Context
13
Table 5. The Principles for Successful CBT Applications
Author Principles for Success in CBT
Dixey (2005)  Market linkages to tourism companies,
 Proximity to the tourism market,
 Competitive advantage,
 Financial management,
 Visitor handling,
 Community motivation,
 Product quality,
 Community investment (p.50).
Hiwasaki
(2006)
 Local community,
 Participation in decision-making,
 Partnerships, strengthened institutions, and awareness raising (p.689).
Kibicho
(2008)
 Inclusion of stakeholders,
 Recognition of individual and mutual benefits,
 Appointment of legitimate convener,
 Formulation of aims and objectives,
 Perception that decisions arrived at will be implemented (p.228).
Goodwin and
Santilli
(2009)
 Social Capital and Empowerment,
 Local Economic Development,
 Livelihoods,
 Conservation/Environment,
 Commercial Viability,
 Education,
 Sense of Place,
 Tourism,
 Collective Benefits (p.20)
Asker et al
(2010)
 The community is already well organized and cohesive,
 Community members, women, men and youth are, widely involved in decision making
processes, and financial management around the CBT,
 Land ownership and other ‘resource’ issues are clear and well defined,
 ‘Bottom up desire’, in the community reflected in the facility design, decision-making and
management structures,
 Decision for CBT is made by the community based on informed choice, of impact, options,
risk, and outcomes
 High participation levels,
 Driver is not purely income generation but also cultural and natural heritage conservation
and intercultural learning,
 The activity is supported by good marketing mechanisms,
 A strong plan for expansion, and/or to limit visitor numbers in balance with the carrying
capacity of the community and environment to avoid adverse effects on both,
 Strong partnership with local NGOs, relevant government bodies and other supporters,
 Approaches are contextually and locally appropriate and not just ‘imported’ from other
contexts,